Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Test 3 Brendan > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The two major functions of the ovaries are _____ (estrogen and progesterone production) and _______ (oocytes and ova production)

A

steroidogenesis

gametogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ovarian capsule (_____ _____) is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue

A

tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The ovaries are covered by a simple cuboidal or squamos epithelium known as the _____ epithelium

A

germinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ovarian _____ contains ovarian follicles

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ovarian _____ contains large blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves in a loose CT stroma

A

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The three types of ovarian follicles are ___ ____ and _____

A

primordial
growing
graafian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The primordial follicle is a ____ ____ covered by 1 layer of squamous follicular cells

A

primary oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The key feature of an oocyte is presence of many golgi regions, mitochondria, and rER profiles, all together forming a _____ ____

A

balbiani body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oocytes are arrested in _____ of meiosis 1 and may remain in this stage for many years

A

prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primordial follicles have a large, acentric ____

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

___ cells are separated from stroma by a basal lamina and attach to each other by desmosomes

A

follicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the growing cycle of an oocyte? Primordial follicle –>

A

primordial–>primary–>multilamellar–>secondary–>graafian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The three kinds of growing follicles are : ____, ___, and _____

A

primary
multilamellar
secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Primary follicles have an amorphous layer called ___ ____ that is acidophillic and surrounds the oocyte

A

zona pellucida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Primary _____ follicles develop from primordial follicles and have 1 layer of _____ follicular cells surrounding the oocyte

A

unilaminar

cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____ primary follicles develop from unilaminar folicles by proliferation of ____ cells

A

multilaminar

follicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Multilaminar follicles have several layers of follicular cells called ____ cells

A

granulosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stromal cells form a sheath around granulosa cells called the ____ ____ in multilaminar cells

A

theca folliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The theca folliculi is divided into an inner cellular cuboidal layer called _____ ____ and an outer fibrous layer called ___ ____

A

theca interna

theca externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Secondary (___) follicles are established when fluid (liquor folliculi) accumulates in intercellular spaces between granulosa cells

A

antral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The liquor folliculi fills intercellular spaces and coalesces, forming a single large cavity called the _____

A

antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

____ stimulates granulosa cells to convert androgens made by theca interna cells into estrogens and to manufacture membrane receptors of _____ hormone

A

FSH

lutenizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

____ from the oocyte and narrow processes from the granulosa cells extend into the zona pellucida

A

microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

____ cells contact each other via gap junctions and form ga junctions with the oocyte plasma membrane

A

granulosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The theca ____ makes androgens, which are transferred to ____ cells and converted into estrogens

A

interna

granulosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The _____ (mature) follicle is the one follicle among secondary follicles that will ovulate

A

graafian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The graafian follicle has an ____ positioned oocyte located on a small mound of granulosa cells called the _____ ____, which projects into the antrum

A

acentrically

cumulus oophorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The ____ ____ is mainly collagenous and contains many blood vessels which nourish the theca interna

A

theca externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The primary oocyte completes its first meiotic division just prior to ovulation, forming a ____ ____ and the first ___ ____

A

secondary oocyte

polar body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

After its first meiotic division, the secondary oocyte beings its second meiotic division but is blocked at ____. When the sperm contacts the secondary oocyte, a reaction with _____ enzymes initiates the second meiotic division

A

metaphase

acrosomal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Sperm fertilizes the ___ ovum that results from the second meiotic division

A

haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Acrosomal reaction causes the ___ ____ on the oocyte to breakdown so that other sperm cannot attach

A

zona pellucida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ovulation occurs in response to a surge of _____ as the secondary oocyte and the cumulus cells (____ ____) leave the ruptured follicle to enter the fimbriated oviduct end

A

LH

Corona radiata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The ____ ____ is made of granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells

A

corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The corpus luteum is a temporary ____ gland, whose formation depends on LH

A

endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Granulosa lutein cells are large, pale, and have abundant sER and rER. They manufacture most of the body’s _______ and convert androgens from theca lutein cells into _____

A

progesterone

estradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Theca lutein cells are small and concentrated mainly on the corpus luteum _____. They manufacture _____ and small amounts of estrogen and progesteone

A

periphery

androstenedione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The ____ ____ is a small scar formed from the corpus luteum remnants after function ceases and it degenerates

A

corpus albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

____ follicles are those that are undergoing degneration

A

atretitc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Atretic follicles are commonly present in the ovary; after a graafian follicle ovulates, the remaining _____ Follicles degenerate

A

secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Oviducts/fallopian tubes have a wall consisting of ___ ____ and ____

A

mucosa, muscularis, serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Fallopian tubes are divided into 4 regions: ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

infidibulum
ampulla
isthmus
intramural piortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The mucosa of the oviduct has extensive ____ folds in the infindibulum

A

longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The epithelium of the fallopian tube is made of ____ columnar and 2 cell types: ______ and _____

A

simple

peg, ciliated

45
Q

____ cells make nutrient-rich secretions to nourish spermatozoa and the pre-implantation embryo

A

peg

46
Q

____ cells have cilia that primarily beat towards the uterus lumen. They may help ___ transport to the uterus

A

ciliated

embryo

47
Q

The lamina propria of uterine tubes is sparse, consisting of _____ CT with reticular fibers, fibroblasts, mast cells, and lymphoid cells

A

loose

48
Q

The muscularis of the uterine tube consists of a poorly defined inner ____ layer and outer ____ smooth muscle layer

A

circular

longitudinal

49
Q

Rythmic contraction of the ____ may assist the pre-implantation embryo in moving towards the uteris

A

muscularis

50
Q

The serosa of the uterine tube covers the oviduct outer surface and is composed of a simple ____ epithelium over a CT layer

A

squamous

51
Q

The isthmus contains a large amount of ____ and a ____ lumen

A

muscularis

narrow

52
Q

The uterus is suibdivided into 3 parts:

A

fundus
body
cervix

53
Q

the uterine wall consists of the ____, ____, and _____ (or serosa)

A

endometrium
myometrium
adventitia

54
Q

____ is present over surfaces within the peritoneal cavity, while ____ is present along uterine retroperitoneal surfaces

A

serosa

adventitia

55
Q

The uterus endometrium is a _____ ____ epithelium with secretory ___ cells

A

simple columnar

mucous

56
Q

The stroma of the endometrium resembles mesencyhymal CT, with ____ fibers and _____-shaped cells

A

reticular

stellate

57
Q

The uterus endometrium is divided into 2 indistinct layers:

A

functional and basal

58
Q

The ____ layer is the thick superficial endometrial layer that is sloughed off and reestablished monthly during changes of the menstrual cycle

A

functional

59
Q

the ____ layer is the deep endometrial layer that is _____ during menstruation. It has endometrial glands and basal cells which provide a source for endometrial ____ after the other layer is sloughed off

A

basal
preserved
reepithelialization

60
Q

The endometrial vascular supply consists of 2 kinds of arteries: ____ and ____

A

coiled and straight

61
Q

____ arteries extend into the functional layer and undergo changes during different stages of the menstrual cycle

A

coiled

62
Q

____ arteries do not undergo cyclic changes. They terminate in the ____ layer

A

straight

basal

63
Q

___ causes development of the oocyte

A

FSH

64
Q

The proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle is driven by ____

A

estrogen

65
Q

Ovulation is driven by ____

A

LH

66
Q

____ is the primary hormone in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle

A

progesterone

67
Q

The uterine myometrium consists of a thick uterine ____ ____ _____

A

smooth muscle tunic

68
Q

The uterus myometrium consists of 3 layers, an inner and outer longitudinal layer and a thick middle circular layer that is richly ____. This layer is also called the ____ ____

A

vascularized

stratum vasculare

69
Q

The uterus ____ thickens during pregnancy due to smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. These smooth muscle cells develop many ____ ____ near the end of pregnancy to help coordinate muscle contraction

A

myometrium

gap junctions

70
Q

During partuition, smooth muscle cells undergo powerful contraction triggered by ____ and ____

A

oxytocin, prostaglandins

71
Q

What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

menstrual
proliferative
secretory

72
Q

In the menstrual phase, ____ ____ (menses) enters the uterus lumen from the endometrium

A

hemorrhagic discharge

73
Q

The menstrual phase is driven by contraction and relaxation of ____ arteries due to low levels of ____ and _____

A

coiled

progesterone, estrogen

74
Q

Prolonged arterial ____ of the coiled arteries causes ischemia, while sudden and intermittent ____ ruptures their walls, flodding the stroma with blood and detaching the epithelium

A

vasoconstriction

vasodilation

75
Q

The ____ layer is not sloughed off during menstruation since it is supplied by short ___ vessels that do not undergo prolonged vasoconstriction

A

basal

straight

76
Q

In the ____ phase, the entire functional layer is renewed and glands, CT, and coiled arteries are repaired

A

proliferative

77
Q

In the proliferative phase, the epithelial lining is renewed by mitotic activity of cells in ____ ____ of the basal layer

A

uterin glands

78
Q

The ____ phase begins shortly after ovulation and is characterized by endometrial thickening due to edema and secretion by endometrial glands

A

secretory

79
Q

In the secretory phase, glands become ____ and cells in the lumen accumulate large amounts of ____

A

coiled

glycogen

80
Q

In there secretory phase, there is also increased ____ of arteries. They become longer and extending into the superficial parts of the ____ layer

A

coiling

functional

81
Q

_____ promotes watery mucous secretion in the cervix during the proliferative phase

A

estrogen

82
Q

After ovulation, the mucous of the cervix becomes more ____ to prevent spread of bacteria from the vagina

A

viscous

83
Q

The cervix contains ____ ____ (mucous secreting) epithelium besides the inferior portion, which is covered by ___ ____ ____ epithelium

A

simple columnar

stratified squamous non-keratinized

84
Q

Branched ___ glands secrete a serous fluid near the ovulation time which facilitates spermatazoa entry into the uterine lumen

A

cervical

85
Q

Before partuition, the ____ dilates and softens due to the lysis of collagen in response to the hormone _____

A

cervix

relaxin

86
Q

The vagina is composed of 3 layers:

A

inner mucosa, middle muscularis, external adventitia

87
Q

The vagina is circumscribed by ____ ___ at the external orfice

A

skeletal muscle

88
Q

The mucosa epithelium is ____ ____ ____ and contains ____, which is used by vaginal bacteria to make lactic acid to lower the pH during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and inhibits pathogen invasion

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized

glycogen

89
Q

The ____ ___ of the vagina is composed of fibroelastic CT tissue and is highly vascular in the deeper portion

A

lamina propria

90
Q

The muscularis of the vagina is made of irregularly arranged ____ muscle layers interspersed with ____ fibers

A

smooth

elastic

91
Q

The ____ is made of fibroelastic connective tissue that fixes the vagina to the surrounding structures

A

adventitia

92
Q

Mammary glands are composed of about 2 dozen ____ ____ glands. Each gland has its own ___ sinus and a duct that opens at the nipple apex

A

compound tubuloalveolar

lactiferous

93
Q

____ and ____ ductules develop in females after puberty due to hormonal changes. There is also an increase in ____ tissue in the stroma

A

lobules, terminal

adipose

94
Q

____ glands are characteristic of adult, non-pregnant females. They are composed of _____ sinuses and ducts lined primarily by stratified cuboidal epithelium.

A

resting

lactiferous

95
Q

The lowest layer of resting mammary glands consists of ____ cells that have a basal lamina separating the epithelial components from the underlying stroma

A

myoepithelial

96
Q

In active (lactating) mammary glands, ____ develop. This occurs only during pregnancy as _____ ductules proliferate

A

alveoli

terminal

97
Q

____ cells are cuboidal secretory cells lining the mammary gland alveoli

A

alveolar

98
Q

Alveolar cells are surrounded by an incomplete _____ layer that contains lipid droplets and vesicles containing milk protein

A

myoepithelial

99
Q

Alveolar cell secretion occurs by 2 different mechanisms: Lipids are released by ____ mechanism while proteins are released via _____ mechanism.

A

apocrine

merocrine (exocytosis)

100
Q

The nipple contains dense collagenous connective tissue interlaced with smooth muscle fibers that acts as a ____. It contains ____ duct openings

A

sphincter

lactiferous

101
Q

In a _____ ____, epithelial cells are scraped from the cervix lining and examined for cancer

A

papanicolaou (pap) smear

102
Q

Carcinoma of the cervix originates from _____ ____ ____ epithelial ells.

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized

103
Q

Cervical cancer is caused by the ____ ____ virus

A

human papiloma

104
Q

____ is a condition in which uterine endometrial tissue exists in the pelvic peritoneal cavity. As the endometrium is shed, ____ occurs in the peritoneal cavity, causing severe pain and formation of cysts and adhesions

A

endometriosis

bleeding

105
Q

_____ is a benign smooth muscle tumor that occurs frequently in the uterus

A

leiomyoma

106
Q

In an _____ pregnancy, there is implantation of the early embryo in the oviduct wall or other abnormal site

A

ectopic

107
Q

Breast cancer may originate from ductal epithelial lining (_____ carcinoma) or terminal ductules (____ carcinoma)

A

ductal

lobular

108
Q

In ____ disease, there is eczema of the nipple

A

paget’s

Histology Test 3 Brendan (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions