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Histology Test 3 Brendan > Digestive System-Lower > Flashcards

Digestive System-Lower Flashcards

1
Q

The hall mark of duodenum is _____ glands in the submucosa, short and broad villi, and an incomplete serosa that is mostly _____

A

brunner’s

adventitia

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2
Q

The jejunum consists of _____ finger like vili, well developed ______, and numerous _____ cells in crypts

A

long
lacteals
paneth

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3
Q

The illeum consists of ____ finger like villi, _____ _____, and paneth cells

A

short

peyer’s patches

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4
Q

Tissue modifications to increase surface area in the small intestine include: 3 things

A

plicae circulares
vili
microvilli

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5
Q

_____ ______ (also called valves of kerckring) are permanent spiral folds of the mucosa and submucosa, found in the duodenum distal half, jejunum, and proximal half of ileum

A

plicae circulares

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6
Q

Intestinal villi are finger like projections of ______. The villus core consists of lamina propria with plasma cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, mast cells, smooth muscle cells capillaries, and a single _____ (blind-end lymphatic cell)

A

mucosa

lacteal

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7
Q

The ____ of the intestinal villi is the main channel for fat absorption

A

lacteal

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8
Q

Capillary plexi are located in ____ and at the base of the ____ in small intestine

A

villi

crypts

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9
Q

crypts of lieberkuhn are _____ tubular glands that extend from approximately the middle of the villus to the the base of ____ near muscularis mucosae

A

simple

epithelium

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10
Q

Crypts of liberkuhn are composed of 5 types of cells:

A 
goblet cells
columnar cells
enteroendocrine cells
regenerative cells
paneth cells
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11
Q

The number of goblet cells ____ from the duodenum to the colon

A

increases

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12
Q

____ cells are found at the base of crypts of liberfkuhn and are unique to the small intestine

A

paneth

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13
Q

Microvilli are found on the ____ surface of the enterocytes. They consist of a core of ____ filaments linked with ____ and ____

A

apical
actin
fimbrillin, villin

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14
Q

Actin microvilli are anchored to the plasma membrane by myosin 1 and _____. At the base of the actin bundle is a rootlet that is crosslinked by an intestine form of ____ to adjacent rootlets

A

calmodulin

spectrin

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15
Q

The _____ ____ in microvilli consists of intermediate filiaments attached to rootlets and spectrin

A

terminal web

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16
Q

Small intestine motility is controlled by the submucosal ____ plexus and the _____ plexus between the inner and outer smooth muscle layers of muscularis externa.

A

meissner’s

myenteric

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17
Q

_____ cells are unicellular glands that produce mucinogen. This accumulates in membrane-bound granules in the _____ region. After being released, mucinogen is converted to ____

A

goblet
apical
mucous

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18
Q

____ are surface absorptive cells in the small intestine

A

enterocytes

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19
Q

Enterocytes are tall ____ cells with an apical surface posssing microvilla covered by a _____

A

columnar

glycocalyx

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20
Q

enterocytes have well developed zonulae _____ (tight junctions) and zonula _____ and lateral _____

A

occulens
adherens
plications

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21
Q

Enterocytes divide down in the ____ and migrate up the villus, where they slough off at the villus ___ after 5-6 days

A

crypts

tip

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22
Q

The enzymes ____, ___, and ____ are located in the brush border membrane and digest carbohyrdates

A

lactase
maltase
sucrase

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23
Q

_____ and ____ in microvilli degrade proteins into di and tripeptides and amino acids

A

enterokinase

aminopeptidase

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24
Q

Cytoplasmic ____ degrades di and tripeptides to amino acids

A

peptidase

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25
Q

micellar lipids diffuse into microvilli and become linked to _____ ____ ____ _____. They than are transported to and esterified in the ____ ____ to form TG

A

fatty acid binding protein

smooth ER

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26
Q

Chylomicrons (From dietary TG) fuse with baso-lateral plasma membrane and move into the intracellular space and eventually to _____

A

lacteals

27
Q

____ cells are a microfold cell located in epithelium over lymnphoid nodules in the ileum.

A

M

28
Q

The basolateral portion of M-cells may form an _____ pocket, where ______ cells may be located

A 
intraepithelial
B (lymphocytes)
29
Q

___ cells function in antigen uptake, processing, and transport to lymphocytes and macrophages in the lamina propria

A

M

30
Q

M cells take up antigens, which are processed in _____ containing vesicles and transcytosed to ____ cells

A

protease

B

31
Q

___ cells are closely associated with lymphoid follicular epithelium in peyer’s patches. The cell may extend cell processes across basal lamina and between ___ tight junctions so that a small portion is exposed to the intestinal epithelium

A

Dendritic

enterocyte

32
Q

Enteroendocrine cells are ____ abundant in the stomach than in the small intestine

A

more

33
Q

Paneth cells contain large ______ apical secretory granules

A

eiosonophilic

34
Q

___ cells occur at the bottom of crypts of lieberkuhn and produce lysozyme continuously that cleaves _____ in bacteria cell wall

A

paneth

peptidoglycan

35
Q

Paneth cells secrete microbicidal ____ (aka peptides called cryptidins) in response to bacteria, antigens, or food related stimulation by _____. These protect regenerative cells in crypts

A

defensins

Acetylcholine

36
Q

_____ cells are found in the lower half of crypt and contain many mitotic figures. They may differentiate into absorptive or goblet cells

A

regenerative

37
Q

_____ are found in the lamina propria between villi cores and ____

A

lacteals

crypts

38
Q

____ glands are located in the submucosa of DUODENUM. They are branched ______ glands

A

brunner’s

tubuloalveolar

39
Q

Brunner’s glands produce ____ secretion of neutral and alkaline glycoproteins and bicarbonate ions and GIP to protect intestine from the ____ chyme

A

alkaline

acidic

40
Q

______ ____ ____ is a polypeptide hormone that enhances epithelial cell division and inhibits gastric HCL production

A

gastric inhibitory peptide

41
Q

The hallmark of the illeum is the presence of aggregate lymphoid nodules called ____ _____.

A

peyer’s patches

42
Q

The cecum and colon do not contain ____. They are simple columnar epithelium with _____ cells and some enteroendocrine cells

A

villi

goblet

43
Q

The lamina propria of the cecum and colon consists of lymphoid nodules and closely packed _____. However, there are no _____ cells

A

crypts

paneth

44
Q

The submucosa of the cecum and colon consists of ____ connective tissue, ____ plexus, but no _____

A

fibroelastic
meissner’s
glands

45
Q

The muscularis externa of the cecum and colon consists of an inner ____ layer and a modified outer ____ layer of smooth muscle. The outer layer is gathered into 3 longitudinal bands that form the _____ ____

A

circular
longitudinal
teniae coli

46
Q

Teniae coli form sacullations of the wall called ____ ____ when continuously contracted.

A

haustra coli

47
Q

____ plexus can be found between the muscle layers of the cecum and colon

A

myenteric (Auerbach’s)

48
Q

The appendix is a short ____ arising from the cecum

A

diverticulum

49
Q

The wall of the appendix consists of large aggregates of _____ ____ in the mucosa and submucosa

A

lymphopid nodules

50
Q

The appendix serves an important function in the _____ _____

A

immune system

51
Q

The appendix mucosa consists of ____ ____ epithelium with goblet cells. The lamina propria has lymphoid nodules capped by ____ Cells

A

simple columnar

M

52
Q

The appendix has no ____ and shallow ____. Other cells include goblet, surface columnar, regenerative, some paneth cells, and many _____ cells deep in the crypts

A

villi
crypts
enteroendocrine

53
Q

The mucosa between the anal rectal junction changes from ____ in the rectum to mainly _____ proximally to ____ distally in the anus

A

simple columnar
simple cuboidal/stratified squamous non-keratinized
stratified squamous keratinized

54
Q

____ disorders can lead to malnutrition and result in wasting disease

A

malabsorptive

55
Q

Gluten enteropathy (nontropical sprue) is due to destuctive effects of certain glutens on intestinal ____, reducing the surface area available for _____

A

villi

absorption

56
Q

_____ disease is due to the binding of plant lectins to the glycocalyx

A

celiac’s

57
Q

Idiopathic _____ exhibits as stools with a high fat contect due to malabsorption of digested fats.

A

steatorreha

58
Q

Malabsorption of vitamin ___ can lead to clotting insufficiency

A

K

59
Q

Malabsorption of vitamin ___ can cause pernicous anemia. It is due to inadequate production of gastric ____ ____ by the parietal celsl

A

B12

intrinsic factor

60
Q

Colorectal cancer usually arises from ____ ____ and may be aysmptomatic for years

A

adenomatous polyps

61
Q

Colorectal cancer is treated by colon ____. The highest survival rates are found in patients whose tumors do not extend beyond the _____ ____.

A

resection

muscularis mucousa

62
Q

_____ disease is caused by mutations in 1 of 4 genes that prevents migration and differentiation of neural crest cells into neurons of the _____ nervous system

A

hirschsprung’s

enteric

63
Q

remember appendicitis,hemorrhoids from anatomy

A

okay

Histology Test 3 Brendan (9 decks)

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