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Histology Test 3 Brendan > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The venous pampinoform plexus in the testes acts as a heat exchanger between cool ___ blood and warmer ____ blood

A

venous

arterial

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2
Q

The ____ ____ is a serous sac derived from peritoneum that partially covers anterior and lateral surfaces

A

tunica vaginalis

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3
Q

the ____ ____ is a thick fibrous connective tissue capsule

A

tunica albuginea

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4
Q

The ____ ____ lies deeper to the Tunica albuginea and is a highly vascularized layer of loose connective tissue

A

tunica vasculosa

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5
Q

the ____ _____ is a posterior thickening of the Tunica albugenia that forms incomplete cnnective tissue septa, which divide the organ into testicular _____

A

mediastinum testes

lobules

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6
Q

Testicular lobules have 1-4 ____ ____ each, embedded in a highly vascular loose CT containing lymphatic vessels, nerves, and ____ cells that synthesize testosterone

A

seminiferous tubules

leydig

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7
Q

Seminiferous tubules are convoluted hollow tubules in testicular lobules that eventually narrow into short, straight segments called ____ ____ that connect with the ____ ____

A

tubuli recti

rete testes

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8
Q

Seminiferous tubules have thin tubule wall of tunica propria, lined by _____ epithelium that consists of 4 to 8 cell layers and contains _____ cells and ____ cells

A

germinal

sertoli, spermatogenic

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9
Q

Germ cells and sertoli cells develop from ____ cells

A

spermatogenic

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10
Q

Leydig cells are round cells found in ____ areas between seminiferous tubules with a large central nucleus. They stain ______ due to abundant _____ ER. There are many lipid droplets containing cholesterol esters that are ____ precursors

A

interstitial
acidophilic
smooth
testosterone

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11
Q

Leydig cells may contain rod-shaped crystals called ____ crystals that are found in leydig cell tumors

A

reinke

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12
Q

Leydig cells are ____ cells that produce and secrete ____. Secretion is stimulated by ____ hormone produced in the pituitary gland

A

endocrine
testosterone
lutenizing

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13
Q

Sertoli cells are tall columnar cells with a oval ____ and a prominent _____. They are replicating/non-replicating

A

nucleus
nucleolus
non-replicating

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14
Q

Sertoli cells have receptors for ____ hormone on their plasma membrane

A

Follical-stimulating

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15
Q

Sertoli cells form ____ ____ with adjacent sertoli cells near their base. This divides the seminiferous tubule lumen into a _____ and _____ compartment

A 
zonulae occludens (tight junction)
basal, adluminal
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16
Q

The tight junctions of sertoli cells are responsible for the _____ barrier, protecting developing sperm cells from ____ reactions

A

blood-testes

autoimmune

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17
Q

Sertoli cells ____ excess cytoplasm discarded by maturing spermatids

A

phagocytose

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18
Q

Sertoli cells secrete ___-rich fluid that transports spermatozoa through the seminiferous tubules to the ____ ____

A

fructose

genital ducts

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19
Q

Sertoli cells synthesize and secrete ____ ____ protein under the influence of FSH. This concentrates ____ in the seminiferous tubule lumen

A

androgen binding protein (ABP)

testosterone

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20
Q

Sertoloi cells synthesize and secrete ____, which is a hormone that inhibits synthesis and release of FSH by the _____ _____

A

inhibin

anterior pituitary

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21
Q

Sertoli cells synthesize and secrete _____ _____, which accepts Fe from serum transferrin and transfers to maturing ____

A

testicular transferrin

gametes

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22
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs in wave like maturation sequences in ______ epithelium

A

seminiferous

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23
Q

Spermatogenesis is characterized by daughter cells remaining connected to each other by ____ ____. This produces a ____, which may be responsible for the synchronus development of germ cells

A

intracellular bridges

syncytium

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24
Q

The three phases of spermatogenesis are :

A

Spermatogonial
spermatocyte (meiosis)
spermatid (spermiogenesis)

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25
_____ are diploid germ cells next to seminiferous epithelium basal lamina, in the _____ compartment
spermatagonia | basal
26
___ type A spermatagonia have a pale staining nucleus and are mitotically ____. These give rise to more type a cells or type ___ spermatagonia
Pale active B
27
____ type A spermatagonia are mitotically _____. They have a dark oval nuclei that is very ____. They can produce the other type of A cells. They are _____ resistant
Dark inactive basophilic radiation/chemo
28
Type ___ spermatagonia undergo mitosis and give rise to primary spermatocytes. Their chromatin is in large clumps along the nuclear ____, and they have a central nucelolus.
B | envelope
29
As soon as primary spermatids are formed, they duplicate chromsomes such that they have __ DNA. They then migrate to the ____ compartment
2 x 2n | adluminal
30
Primary spermatocytes form zonula occludens with ___ cells while migrating to maintain the blood-testes barrier. During meiosis 1, one chromosome, each with __ chromatids goes to each secondary spermatocyte
sertoli | 2 x 1n
31
The first meiotic division is ____ and produces secondary spermatocytes with 2n DNA. The second division occurs with each secondary spermatocyte dividing to form 2 _____ (___ genetic material replication)
reductional | spermatids (no
32
Each primary spermatocyte results in ____ spermatids
4
33
Spermatogenesis is _ cellular division(s) and _ DNA replication(s)
2 | 1
34
Spermatids are small _____ cells containing only __ DNA
haploid | 1n
35
Spermatids are located near the ____ of the seminferous tubule
lumen
36
What is the pathway of spermatogenesis?
Dark Type A spermatagonia-->Pale type A spermatagonia-->Type B spermatagonia-->primary spermatocyte-->secondary spermatocyte-->spermatid-->spermatazoa
37
____ of meiosis 1 is how we get our genetic diversity.
Prophase 1
38
In ____ of prophase 1, chromosomes condense
leptotene
39
In ___ of prophase 1, homologous chromosomes pair up and form a synaptonemal complex, that allows for physical association of chromosomes for ____ _____
zygotene | crossing over
40
In ____ of prophase 1, chromatids become visible and ____ ____ begins
pachytene | crossing over
41
In _____ of prophase 1, there is further chromosome condensation. Chiasmata between chromatids becomes evident
diplotene
42
In ____ of prophase 1, the nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelop disintegrates
diakinesis
43
Anaphase and telophase of meisosis 1 is similar to mitosis except chromosomes do not split and paired ____ stay together
chromatids
44
there is no ____ ____ in prophase 2 of meiosis 2
DNA synthesis
45
Cytodifferentiation is the process be whereby _____ become ____ and are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
spermatids | spermatozoa
46
What are the 4 phases of spermiogeneis
Golgi, Cap, Acrosomal, Maturation
47
The ____ _____ is a helmet of enzymes and is important for fertilization of the egg
acrosomal cap
48
As the spermatid elongates, sperm chromatin undergoes a complex transition where ____ are replaced by ____, providing a higher order of chromatin packaging
histones | protamines
49
The general structure of a spermatoza is a acrosomal cap containing ____ enzymes, a flattened head containing _____ and a large flagellur ____
hydrolytic chromosomes tail
50
Tubuli recti are short, straight tubules that are initially lined only by ____ cells but change to a ____ ____ epithelium with microvilli and a single cilium
sertoli | simple cuboidal
51
The ___ ____ make a plexus of anastamosing channels lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium
rete testes
52
____ ductules are collection of 10-20 tubules leading from the rete testes to the ductus epididymis. They ave a thin circular layer of ____ ____ underneath the epithelium basal lamina.
efferent | smooth muscle
53
The efferent ductules are lined by pseudostratified columnar cells composed of alternating clusters of _____ cuboidal cells and ____ columnar cells
non-ciliated | ciliated
54
The excretory genital ducts are the ____, the _____, and the ____
epididymis vas deferens urethra
55
The epididymis is surrounded by smooth muscular ____ layers that use ____ contractions to move sperm towards the ductus deferens
circular | peristaltic
56
The epididymis is lined by a ____ columnar epithelium with 2 cell types: ___ and ____
pseduostratified basal principal
57
____ cells of the epididymis are round, undifferentiated precursors of the other type of cells (____)
basal (principal)
58
___ cells of the epididymis are columnar and have nonmotile _____ on the luminal surface
principal | sterocilia
59
The cytoplasm of principal cells contains large _____, lysosomes, and many apically located ____ vesicles for fluid reabsorption
golgi | pinocytotic
60
____ cells secrete carnitine, sialic acid, and glycerophosphocholine (inhibits ____)
principal | capacitation = process by which sperm become capable of fertilizing an oocyte
61
The ductus deferens is characterized by a thick ____ wall, consisting of inner and outer layers of longitudinally oriented smooth muscle seperated by one another by a middle ____ layer
muscular | circular
62
The ductus deferens has a narrow lumen lined by a _____ columnar epithelium
pseudostratified
63
The ____ ____ secrete the majority of the fluid in semen
seminal vesicles
64
The height of seminal vesicles varies with levels of ____. These vesicles contain ____ ____ ____ granules and secretory granules
testosterone | yellow lipochrome pigment
65
The lamina propria of seminal vesicles consists of ____ CT surrounded by an inner ____ and outer _____ smooth muscle layer
fibroelastic circular longitudinal
66
Seminal vesicles also contain ___ outside the lamina propria
adventitia
67
The secretory product of seminal vesicles is a viscous fluid containing substances such as ____ that ____ sperm
fructose | activate
68
The ejaculatory duct is a straight continuation of the ductus deferens and receives the duct of the seminal vesicle. It lacks a ____ _____
muscular wall
69
The prostate gland consists of discrete _____ _____ glands that empty contents into the ____ ____
branched tubuloaveloar | prostatic urethra
70
The three prostatic glands are _____, which secretes directly into the urethra, and ___ and ___, which secrete into ducts that empty into the prostatic sinus
mucosal | submucosal, main
71
The prostate gland has a ____ capsule that contains smooth muscle. Septa from the capsule penetrate the gland and divide it into ____
fibroelastic | lobes
72
The prostate epithelium is simple or ______ ______
pseudostratified columnar
73
Basal cells of the prostate gland produce a high molecular weight _____
keratin
74
Corpora amylacia are ____ in the lumen of alveoli composed of glycoprotein. These may become ____ and increase in numbers with age
concretions | calcified
75
Prostatic secretions are a thin fluid containing proteolytic enxymes that is regulated by ____
dihydrotestosterone
76
Differences in high molecular weight _____ expression are a diagnostic feature for normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic prostate
keratin
77
The ____ ____ is the hallmark of the prostate gland
corpora amylacia
78
Bulbourethral glands are lined by _____ or ____ epithelioum
simple cuboidal, simple columnar
79
Bulbourethral glands have many _____ secreting cells
mucous
80
The ____ ____ of the penis contains irregular vascular spaces lined by a continuous layer of epithelium. Spaces are sperated from each other by connective tissue trabeculae and smooth muscle
corpus cavernosum
81
The vascular spaces in corpus cavernosum ____ in size towards the periphery of the corpus cavernosum
decrease
82
During erection, _____ impulse constrict arteriovenous shunts and dilate the _____ arteries, causing the vascular spaces to become engorged with blood
parasympathetic | helicine
83
The corpus spongiosum is a single mass of _____ tissue. It has trabeculae that have ____ elastic fibers and ____ smooth muscle than those of the corpora cavernosa
erectile more less
84
bulbourethral glands have ____ muscle associated next to it
skeletal
85
The ____ ____ is a thick fibrous connective sheath surrounding the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum. The arrangement of dense collagen bundles permits ____ of the penis during erection
tunica albuginea | extension
86
The glans penis is the dilated distal end of the corpus ______. It contains dense connective tissue and _____ muscle fibers. It is covered by a prepuce, which is lined by stratified _____ ____ epithelium
spongiosum longitudinal squamous nonkeratinized
87
____ _ ____ are mucous secreting glands present throughout the length of the penile urethra
Glands of littre
88
remember cryptochordism
okay
89
_____ syndrome is caused by an excess number of X chromosomes. It is characterized by a tall thin stature, some mental retardation, ____ testes, _____ gonadotropin levels, and infertility
klinefelter's (usually XXY) small elevated
90
Developmental defects like klinefelters are regulated by ____ gene.
SRY
91
_____ syndrome is a heriditary disorder marked my immoitle cilia that results in ____ in men
kartagener's | infertility
92
remember hypospadia
okay

Histology Test 3 Brendan (9 decks)

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