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Histology Test 3 Brendan > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The venous pampinoform plexus in the testes acts as a heat exchanger between cool ___ blood and warmer ____ blood

A

venous

arterial

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2
Q

The ____ ____ is a serous sac derived from peritoneum that partially covers anterior and lateral surfaces

A

tunica vaginalis

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3
Q

the ____ ____ is a thick fibrous connective tissue capsule

A

tunica albuginea

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4
Q

The ____ ____ lies deeper to the Tunica albuginea and is a highly vascularized layer of loose connective tissue

A

tunica vasculosa

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5
Q

the ____ _____ is a posterior thickening of the Tunica albugenia that forms incomplete cnnective tissue septa, which divide the organ into testicular _____

A

mediastinum testes

lobules

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6
Q

Testicular lobules have 1-4 ____ ____ each, embedded in a highly vascular loose CT containing lymphatic vessels, nerves, and ____ cells that synthesize testosterone

A

seminiferous tubules

leydig

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7
Q

Seminiferous tubules are convoluted hollow tubules in testicular lobules that eventually narrow into short, straight segments called ____ ____ that connect with the ____ ____

A

tubuli recti

rete testes

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8
Q

Seminiferous tubules have thin tubule wall of tunica propria, lined by _____ epithelium that consists of 4 to 8 cell layers and contains _____ cells and ____ cells

A

germinal

sertoli, spermatogenic

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9
Q

Germ cells and sertoli cells develop from ____ cells

A

spermatogenic

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10
Q

Leydig cells are round cells found in ____ areas between seminiferous tubules with a large central nucleus. They stain ______ due to abundant _____ ER. There are many lipid droplets containing cholesterol esters that are ____ precursors

A

interstitial
acidophilic
smooth
testosterone

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11
Q

Leydig cells may contain rod-shaped crystals called ____ crystals that are found in leydig cell tumors

A

reinke

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12
Q

Leydig cells are ____ cells that produce and secrete ____. Secretion is stimulated by ____ hormone produced in the pituitary gland

A

endocrine
testosterone
lutenizing

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13
Q

Sertoli cells are tall columnar cells with a oval ____ and a prominent _____. They are replicating/non-replicating

A

nucleus
nucleolus
non-replicating

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14
Q

Sertoli cells have receptors for ____ hormone on their plasma membrane

A

Follical-stimulating

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15
Q

Sertoli cells form ____ ____ with adjacent sertoli cells near their base. This divides the seminiferous tubule lumen into a _____ and _____ compartment

A 
zonulae occludens (tight junction)
basal, adluminal
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16
Q

The tight junctions of sertoli cells are responsible for the _____ barrier, protecting developing sperm cells from ____ reactions

A

blood-testes

autoimmune

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17
Q

Sertoli cells ____ excess cytoplasm discarded by maturing spermatids

A

phagocytose

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18
Q

Sertoli cells secrete ___-rich fluid that transports spermatozoa through the seminiferous tubules to the ____ ____

A

fructose

genital ducts

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19
Q

Sertoli cells synthesize and secrete ____ ____ protein under the influence of FSH. This concentrates ____ in the seminiferous tubule lumen

A

androgen binding protein (ABP)

testosterone

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20
Q

Sertoloi cells synthesize and secrete ____, which is a hormone that inhibits synthesis and release of FSH by the _____ _____

A

inhibin

anterior pituitary

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21
Q

Sertoli cells synthesize and secrete _____ _____, which accepts Fe from serum transferrin and transfers to maturing ____

A

testicular transferrin

gametes

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22
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs in wave like maturation sequences in ______ epithelium

A

seminiferous

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23
Q

Spermatogenesis is characterized by daughter cells remaining connected to each other by ____ ____. This produces a ____, which may be responsible for the synchronus development of germ cells

A

intracellular bridges

syncytium

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24
Q

The three phases of spermatogenesis are :

A

Spermatogonial
spermatocyte (meiosis)
spermatid (spermiogenesis)

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25
Q

_____ are diploid germ cells next to seminiferous epithelium basal lamina, in the _____ compartment

A

spermatagonia

basal

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26
Q

___ type A spermatagonia have a pale staining nucleus and are mitotically ____. These give rise to more type a cells or type ___ spermatagonia

A

Pale
active
B

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27
Q

____ type A spermatagonia are mitotically _____. They have a dark oval nuclei that is very ____. They can produce the other type of A cells. They are _____ resistant

A

Dark
inactive
basophilic
radiation/chemo

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28
Q

Type ___ spermatagonia undergo mitosis and give rise to primary spermatocytes. Their chromatin is in large clumps along the nuclear ____, and they have a central nucelolus.

A

B

envelope

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29
Q

As soon as primary spermatids are formed, they duplicate chromsomes such that they have __ DNA. They then migrate to the ____ compartment

A

2 x 2n

adluminal

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30
Q

Primary spermatocytes form zonula occludens with ___ cells while migrating to maintain the blood-testes barrier. During meiosis 1, one chromosome, each with __ chromatids goes to each secondary spermatocyte

A

sertoli

2 x 1n

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31
Q

The first meiotic division is ____ and produces secondary spermatocytes with 2n DNA. The second division occurs with each secondary spermatocyte dividing to form 2 _____ (___ genetic material replication)

A

reductional

spermatids (no

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32
Q

Each primary spermatocyte results in ____ spermatids

A

4

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33
Q

Spermatogenesis is _ cellular division(s) and _ DNA replication(s)

A

2

1

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34
Q

Spermatids are small _____ cells containing only __ DNA

A

haploid

1n

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35
Q

Spermatids are located near the ____ of the seminferous tubule

A

lumen

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36
Q

What is the pathway of spermatogenesis?

A

Dark Type A spermatagonia–>Pale type A spermatagonia–>Type B spermatagonia–>primary spermatocyte–>secondary spermatocyte–>spermatid–>spermatazoa

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37
Q

____ of meiosis 1 is how we get our genetic diversity.

A

Prophase 1

38
Q

In ____ of prophase 1, chromosomes condense

A

leptotene

39
Q

In ___ of prophase 1, homologous chromosomes pair up and form a synaptonemal complex, that allows for physical association of chromosomes for ____ _____

A

zygotene

crossing over

40
Q

In ____ of prophase 1, chromatids become visible and ____ ____ begins

A

pachytene

crossing over

41
Q

In _____ of prophase 1, there is further chromosome condensation. Chiasmata between chromatids becomes evident

A

diplotene

42
Q

In ____ of prophase 1, the nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelop disintegrates

A

diakinesis

43
Q

Anaphase and telophase of meisosis 1 is similar to mitosis except chromosomes do not split and paired ____ stay together

A

chromatids

44
Q

there is no ____ ____ in prophase 2 of meiosis 2

A

DNA synthesis

45
Q

Cytodifferentiation is the process be whereby _____ become ____ and are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

A

spermatids

spermatozoa

46
Q

What are the 4 phases of spermiogeneis

A

Golgi, Cap, Acrosomal, Maturation

47
Q

The ____ _____ is a helmet of enzymes and is important for fertilization of the egg

A

acrosomal cap

48
Q

As the spermatid elongates, sperm chromatin undergoes a complex transition where ____ are replaced by ____, providing a higher order of chromatin packaging

A

histones

protamines

49
Q

The general structure of a spermatoza is a acrosomal cap containing ____ enzymes, a flattened head containing _____ and a large flagellur ____

A

hydrolytic
chromosomes
tail

50
Q

Tubuli recti are short, straight tubules that are initially lined only by ____ cells but change to a ____ ____ epithelium with microvilli and a single cilium

A

sertoli

simple cuboidal

51
Q

The ___ ____ make a plexus of anastamosing channels lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium

A

rete testes

52
Q

____ ductules are collection of 10-20 tubules leading from the rete testes to the ductus epididymis. They ave a thin circular layer of ____ ____ underneath the epithelium basal lamina.

A

efferent

smooth muscle

53
Q

The efferent ductules are lined by pseudostratified columnar cells composed of alternating clusters of _____ cuboidal cells and ____ columnar cells

A

non-ciliated

ciliated

54
Q

The excretory genital ducts are the ____, the _____, and the ____

A

epididymis
vas deferens
urethra

55
Q

The epididymis is surrounded by smooth muscular ____ layers that use ____ contractions to move sperm towards the ductus deferens

A

circular

peristaltic

56
Q

The epididymis is lined by a ____ columnar epithelium with 2 cell types: ___ and ____

A

pseduostratified
basal
principal

57
Q

____ cells of the epididymis are round, undifferentiated precursors of the other type of cells (____)

A

basal (principal)

58
Q

___ cells of the epididymis are columnar and have nonmotile _____ on the luminal surface

A

principal

sterocilia

59
Q

The cytoplasm of principal cells contains large _____, lysosomes, and many apically located ____ vesicles for fluid reabsorption

A

golgi

pinocytotic

60
Q

____ cells secrete carnitine, sialic acid, and glycerophosphocholine (inhibits ____)

A

principal

capacitation = process by which sperm become capable of fertilizing an oocyte

61
Q

The ductus deferens is characterized by a thick ____ wall, consisting of inner and outer layers of longitudinally oriented smooth muscle seperated by one another by a middle ____ layer

A

muscular

circular

62
Q

The ductus deferens has a narrow lumen lined by a _____ columnar epithelium

A

pseudostratified

63
Q

The ____ ____ secrete the majority of the fluid in semen

A

seminal vesicles

64
Q

The height of seminal vesicles varies with levels of ____. These vesicles contain ____ ____ ____ granules and secretory granules

A

testosterone

yellow lipochrome pigment

65
Q

The lamina propria of seminal vesicles consists of ____ CT surrounded by an inner ____ and outer _____ smooth muscle layer

A

fibroelastic
circular
longitudinal

66
Q

Seminal vesicles also contain ___ outside the lamina propria

A

adventitia

67
Q

The secretory product of seminal vesicles is a viscous fluid containing substances such as ____ that ____ sperm

A

fructose

activate

68
Q

The ejaculatory duct is a straight continuation of the ductus deferens and receives the duct of the seminal vesicle. It lacks a ____ _____

A

muscular wall

69
Q

The prostate gland consists of discrete _____ _____ glands that empty contents into the ____ ____

A

branched tubuloaveloar

prostatic urethra

70
Q

The three prostatic glands are _____, which secretes directly into the urethra, and ___ and ___, which secrete into ducts that empty into the prostatic sinus

A

mucosal

submucosal, main

71
Q

The prostate gland has a ____ capsule that contains smooth muscle. Septa from the capsule penetrate the gland and divide it into ____

A

fibroelastic

lobes

72
Q

The prostate epithelium is simple or ______ ______

A

pseudostratified columnar

73
Q

Basal cells of the prostate gland produce a high molecular weight _____

A

keratin

74
Q

Corpora amylacia are ____ in the lumen of alveoli composed of glycoprotein. These may become ____ and increase in numbers with age

A

concretions

calcified

75
Q

Prostatic secretions are a thin fluid containing proteolytic enxymes that is regulated by ____

A

dihydrotestosterone

76
Q

Differences in high molecular weight _____ expression are a diagnostic feature for normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic prostate

A

keratin

77
Q

The ____ ____ is the hallmark of the prostate gland

A

corpora amylacia

78
Q

Bulbourethral glands are lined by _____ or ____ epithelioum

A

simple cuboidal, simple columnar

79
Q

Bulbourethral glands have many _____ secreting cells

A

mucous

80
Q

The ____ ____ of the penis contains irregular vascular spaces lined by a continuous layer of epithelium. Spaces are sperated from each other by connective tissue trabeculae and smooth muscle

A

corpus cavernosum

81
Q

The vascular spaces in corpus cavernosum ____ in size towards the periphery of the corpus cavernosum

A

decrease

82
Q

During erection, _____ impulse constrict arteriovenous shunts and dilate the _____ arteries, causing the vascular spaces to become engorged with blood

A

parasympathetic

helicine

83
Q

The corpus spongiosum is a single mass of _____ tissue. It has trabeculae that have ____ elastic fibers and ____ smooth muscle than those of the corpora cavernosa

A

erectile
more
less

84
Q

bulbourethral glands have ____ muscle associated next to it

A

skeletal

85
Q

The ____ ____ is a thick fibrous connective sheath surrounding the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum. The arrangement of dense collagen bundles permits ____ of the penis during erection

A

tunica albuginea

extension

86
Q

The glans penis is the dilated distal end of the corpus ______. It contains dense connective tissue and _____ muscle fibers. It is covered by a prepuce, which is lined by stratified _____ ____ epithelium

A

spongiosum
longitudinal
squamous nonkeratinized

87
Q

____ _ ____ are mucous secreting glands present throughout the length of the penile urethra

A

Glands of littre

88
Q

remember cryptochordism

A

okay

89
Q

_____ syndrome is caused by an excess number of X chromosomes. It is characterized by a tall thin stature, some mental retardation, ____ testes, _____ gonadotropin levels, and infertility

A

klinefelter’s (usually XXY)
small
elevated

90
Q

Developmental defects like klinefelters are regulated by ____ gene.

A

SRY

91
Q

_____ syndrome is a heriditary disorder marked my immoitle cilia that results in ____ in men

A

kartagener’s

infertility

92
Q

remember hypospadia

A

okay

Histology Test 3 Brendan (9 decks)

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