Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Test 3 Brendan > Lymphoid System 1 > Flashcards

Lymphoid System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The 2 central lymphoid organs are the ____ and ____ _____

A

thymus, bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____ is the source of stem cells. B cells derived from stem cells reside in _____ lymphoid organs

A

bone marrow

non-thymic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stem cells from bone marrow mature to __ lymphocytes in the ____

A

T-

thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Interaction with T-helper and macrophages results in clonal expansion of B cells to produce antibody producing ____ ____ and ___ ____ cells

A

plasma cells

memory B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Memory b cells are important in the ____ antibody response. They recognize free antigen peptides not bound to the _____ complex

A

secondary

MHC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_ cells respond to cell-bound antigens

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T helper cells are also called ___. They interact with B-cell/macrophages to stimulate response to a ____ ____

A

CD4+

foreign antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T-helper cells recognize ____ on antigen presenting cells

A

MHC2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ____ subclass of T-helper cells are important in response to viral and bacterial infection, while the ___ subclass is important in response to parasitic infection

A

TH1

TH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T-cytolytic (cytotox) cells are also called ___. They recognize ___ on antigen presenting cells

A

CD8+

MHC1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A bone marrow stem cell gives rise to a large granular lymphocyte called a ____ cell that lacks T-cell receptors and CD4 and 8 co-receptors. This cell may in turn differentiate into a ____ ____ cell

A

null

natural killer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Natural killer cells do/do not require interaction with an antigen presenting cell to be activated. They are part of the _____ immune system and recognize _____ infected cells and ____ cells

A

do not
innate
virus, cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Natural killer cells may also participate in _____ immune response by participating in antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. They will recognize the ____ on a pathogen infected cell and ____ the cell

A

adaptive
antibody
lyse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T-helper cells have a ___ co-receptor and recognize the ___ complex. Cytolytic T-cells have a ___ co-receptor and recognize the ____ complex

A

CD4, MHC2

CD8, MHC1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_____ cells internalize antigens by phagocytosis and break them down into peptide fragments which are bound to ____ molecoules

A

surveillance

Molecular histocompatability complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

There are 2 types of MHC. All nucleated cells have type ____. MHC __ are present on antigen presenting cells, endothelial cells, and thymic epithelial reticular cells

A

1

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

____ cells in the CNS, fibroblasts, and ___ cells may function in antigen presentation

A

glial

mast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the peripheral lymphoid organs? Spleen, 5 more

A

lymph nodes, lymph nodules, tonsils, appendix, and peyer’s patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do you find peyer’s patches?

A

Illeum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lymphoid nodules are not ____. They may be in solitary or aggreagated groups, such as in ___ ____

A

encapsulated

peyer’s patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lymph nodes are dense lymphatic tissue surrounded by a _____ ____ ____ tissue capsule

A

dense irregular connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Connective tissue from the capsule extends throughout the lymph node by branching ____ that converge on the node ____

A

trabeculae

hilus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The ____ is the region where lymph exits the node via _____ lymphatic vessels. Arteries and veins also enter and leave the node here

A

hilus

efferent

24
Q

The capsule, trabeculae, and the network of reticular fibers and cells constitute the ____ of the node

A

stroma

25
Q

_____ are separated from the capsule, trabeculae, and dense lymphoid tissue by ____ cells, as well as reticular cells and macrophages attached to the ____ fiber network. These are ____ macrophages

A

sinuses
squamous
reticular
fixed

26
Q

Large ____ ____ cells are antigen presenting cells present in the cortex of the lymph node

A

follicular dendritic (FDC)

27
Q

_____ ____ are in the outer cortex of the node and may be primary or secondary.

A

lymphoid nodules

28
Q

Primary lymphoid nodules are ____ and contain no ____ ____, Secondary lymphoid nodules have ____

A

unstimulated, germinal centers

germinal centers

29
Q

____ ____ contain larger lymphoblasts and a marginal zone of smaller lymphocytes and some macrophages around the periphery

A

germinal centers

30
Q

Germinal centers occur in lymphoid nodules when ____ cells are activated by ____ cells.

A

B

helper T

31
Q

____ undergo clonal expansion towards ultimately becoming an antibody secreting plasma cell

A

lymphoblasts

32
Q

A selection process occurs with maturing B-lymphoblasts. When cells mature, they contact _____, which present antigens to cells. Those with low affinity antibodies undergo _____ and are _____ by macrophages

A

FDC’s
apoptosis
phagocytosed

33
Q

Cells with high affinity antibodies will move to ____ ____ and become _____ cells

A

medullary cords

plasma

34
Q

Cells that are non-specific for antigens presented by ____ accumulate in the ____ ____ of the lymphoid follicle

A

FDCs

mantle zone

35
Q

The nodules and medullary cords primarily contain ____ cells while the paranodular and inner cortex region are primarily ___ cells

A

B

T

36
Q

medullary cords have high numbers of ___ cells. Segregation within nodules is based upon various ___ signals

A

plasma

cytokine

37
Q

Multiple affrerent lymphatic vessels empty into a _____ ____ located between the capsule and outer cortex

A

subcapsular sinus

38
Q

From the subcaspular sinus, lymph flows into _____ ____ that run along trabeculae

A

intermediate (Trabecular) sinuses

39
Q

From intermediate sinuses, lymph flows into ____ ____, located around medullary cords

A

medullary sinuses

40
Q

____ ____ ____ are lined by tall cuboidal endothelial cells in the paracorticol zone and are an important route for ___ migration into the lymph node

A

high endothelial cells

lymph

41
Q

The three tonsils are ____ ____ and ____

A

lingual, pharyngeal, palatine

42
Q

In ____ tonsils, there is diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes or multiple small nodules below the epithelium of the posterior third of the tongue

A

lingual

43
Q

____ tonsils are also called adenoids. They are located on the posterior wall of the _____ and are covered with _____ _____ _____ epithelium

A

pharyngeal
nasopharynx
pseudostratified ciliated columnar

44
Q

_____ tonsils are located between the glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine arches. The base and sides of this tonsil are enclosed in a ______ ____ tissue capsule that is covered with ____ ____ epithelium

A

palatine
dense connective
stratified squamos

45
Q

The palatine tonsils have epithelium with many invaginations down into the parenchyma called _____

A

crypts

46
Q

White spots on tonsils are due to ____ ___)__

A

dead lymphocytes

47
Q

___ ____ are the primary mediator of graft rejection and graft versus host disease

A

T-cells

48
Q

What is Graft versus host disease?

A

T cells in a graft see the host tissue as foreign and attack it

49
Q

____ disease is a problem in bone marrow transpants

A

GvH (graft vs host)

50
Q

Graft rejection/acceptance is mediated by ____ ____ on cells

A

MHC antigens

51
Q

____ ____ are aggregated nodules of lymphoid tissue located primarily in the lower illeum.

A

Peyer’s patches

52
Q

The folicular epithelium of peyer’s patches contains ___ cells, which are antigen ____ cells

A

M, presenting

53
Q

The lamina propria of the ____ is extremely rich in diffusely scattered lymphoid elements and solitary nodules

A

appendix

54
Q

Excessive response to infectious reagents can lead to inflammation and swelling of the lymph node, which is called:

A

lymphadenitis

55
Q

lymph nodes are a common site for ____ of cancer cells

A

metastasis

56
Q

Because of the frequent and rapid ____ and ____ of lymphoid cells, they are the sources of various types of lymphoma

A

division, differentiation

57
Q

In palatine tonsils, ____ _____ of epithelium is common

A

lymphocytic infiltration

Histology Test 3 Brendan (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions