Lymphoid System 1

Question 1

The 2 central lymphoid organs are the ____ and ____ _____

Answer 1

thymus, bone marrow

Question 2

_____ is the source of stem cells. B cells derived from stem cells reside in _____ lymphoid organs

Answer 2

bone marrow

non-thymic

Question 3

stem cells from bone marrow mature to __ lymphocytes in the ____

Answer 3

T-

thymus

Question 4

Interaction with T-helper and macrophages results in clonal expansion of B cells to produce antibody producing ____ ____ and ___ ____ cells

Answer 4

plasma cells

memory B

Question 5

Memory b cells are important in the ____ antibody response. They recognize free antigen peptides not bound to the _____ complex

Answer 5

secondary

MHC

Question 6

_ cells respond to cell-bound antigens

Answer 6

T

Question 7

T helper cells are also called ___. They interact with B-cell/macrophages to stimulate response to a ____ ____

Answer 7

CD4+

foreign antigen

Question 8

T-helper cells recognize ____ on antigen presenting cells

Answer 8

MHC2

Question 9

The ____ subclass of T-helper cells are important in response to viral and bacterial infection, while the ___ subclass is important in response to parasitic infection

Answer 9

TH1

TH2

Question 10

T-cytolytic (cytotox) cells are also called ___. They recognize ___ on antigen presenting cells

Answer 10

CD8+

MHC1

Question 11

A bone marrow stem cell gives rise to a large granular lymphocyte called a ____ cell that lacks T-cell receptors and CD4 and 8 co-receptors. This cell may in turn differentiate into a ____ ____ cell

Answer 11

null

natural killer

Question 12

Natural killer cells do/do not require interaction with an antigen presenting cell to be activated. They are part of the _____ immune system and recognize _____ infected cells and ____ cells

Answer 12

do not
innate
virus, cancer

Question 13

Natural killer cells may also participate in _____ immune response by participating in antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. They will recognize the ____ on a pathogen infected cell and ____ the cell

Answer 13

adaptive
antibody
lyse

Question 14

T-helper cells have a ___ co-receptor and recognize the ___ complex. Cytolytic T-cells have a ___ co-receptor and recognize the ____ complex

Answer 14

CD4, MHC2

CD8, MHC1

Question 15

_____ cells internalize antigens by phagocytosis and break them down into peptide fragments which are bound to ____ molecoules

Answer 15

surveillance

Molecular histocompatability complex

Question 16

There are 2 types of MHC. All nucleated cells have type ____. MHC __ are present on antigen presenting cells, endothelial cells, and thymic epithelial reticular cells

Answer 16

1

2

Question 17

____ cells in the CNS, fibroblasts, and ___ cells may function in antigen presentation

Answer 17

glial

mast

Question 18

What are the peripheral lymphoid organs? Spleen, 5 more

Answer 18

lymph nodes, lymph nodules, tonsils, appendix, and peyer’s patches

Question 19

Where do you find peyer’s patches?

Answer 19

Illeum

Question 20

Lymphoid nodules are not ____. They may be in solitary or aggreagated groups, such as in ___ ____

Answer 20

encapsulated

peyer’s patches

Question 21

Lymph nodes are dense lymphatic tissue surrounded by a _____ ____ ____ tissue capsule

Answer 21

dense irregular connective

Question 22

Connective tissue from the capsule extends throughout the lymph node by branching ____ that converge on the node ____

Answer 22

trabeculae

hilus

Question 23

The ____ is the region where lymph exits the node via _____ lymphatic vessels. Arteries and veins also enter and leave the node here

Answer 23

hilus

efferent

Question 24

The capsule, trabeculae, and the network of reticular fibers and cells constitute the ____ of the node

Answer 24

stroma

Question 25

_____ are separated from the capsule, trabeculae, and dense lymphoid tissue by ____ cells, as well as reticular cells and macrophages attached to the ____ fiber network. These are ____ macrophages

Answer 25

sinuses squamous reticular fixed

Question 26

Large ____ ____ cells are antigen presenting cells present in the cortex of the lymph node

Answer 26

follicular dendritic (FDC)

Question 27

_____ ____ are in the outer cortex of the node and may be primary or secondary.

Answer 27

lymphoid nodules

Question 28

Primary lymphoid nodules are ____ and contain no ____ ____, Secondary lymphoid nodules have ____

Answer 28

unstimulated, germinal centers | germinal centers

Question 29

____ ____ contain larger lymphoblasts and a marginal zone of smaller lymphocytes and some macrophages around the periphery

Answer 29

germinal centers

Question 30

Germinal centers occur in lymphoid nodules when ____ cells are activated by ____ cells.

Answer 30

B | helper T

Question 31

____ undergo clonal expansion towards ultimately becoming an antibody secreting plasma cell

Answer 31

lymphoblasts

Question 32

A selection process occurs with maturing B-lymphoblasts. When cells mature, they contact _____, which present antigens to cells. Those with low affinity antibodies undergo _____ and are _____ by macrophages

Answer 32

FDC's apoptosis phagocytosed

Question 33

Cells with high affinity antibodies will move to ____ ____ and become _____ cells

Answer 33

medullary cords | plasma

Question 34

Cells that are non-specific for antigens presented by ____ accumulate in the ____ ____ of the lymphoid follicle

Answer 34

FDCs | mantle zone

Question 35

The nodules and medullary cords primarily contain ____ cells while the paranodular and inner cortex region are primarily ___ cells

Answer 35

B | T

Question 36

medullary cords have high numbers of ___ cells. Segregation within nodules is based upon various ___ signals

Answer 36

plasma | cytokine

Question 37

Multiple affrerent lymphatic vessels empty into a _____ ____ located between the capsule and outer cortex

Answer 37

subcapsular sinus

Question 38

From the subcaspular sinus, lymph flows into _____ ____ that run along trabeculae

Answer 38

intermediate (Trabecular) sinuses

Question 39

From intermediate sinuses, lymph flows into ____ ____, located around medullary cords

Answer 39

medullary sinuses

Question 40

____ ____ ____ are lined by tall cuboidal endothelial cells in the paracorticol zone and are an important route for ___ migration into the lymph node

Answer 40

high endothelial cells | lymph

Question 41

The three tonsils are ____ ____ and ____

Answer 41

lingual, pharyngeal, palatine

Question 42

In ____ tonsils, there is diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes or multiple small nodules below the epithelium of the posterior third of the tongue

Answer 42

lingual

Question 43

____ tonsils are also called adenoids. They are located on the posterior wall of the _____ and are covered with _____ _____ _____ epithelium

Answer 43

pharyngeal nasopharynx pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 44

_____ tonsils are located between the glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine arches. The base and sides of this tonsil are enclosed in a ______ ____ tissue capsule that is covered with ____ ____ epithelium

Answer 44

palatine dense connective stratified squamos

Question 45

The palatine tonsils have epithelium with many invaginations down into the parenchyma called _____

Answer 45

crypts

Question 46

White spots on tonsils are due to ____ ___)__

Answer 46

dead lymphocytes

Question 47

___ ____ are the primary mediator of graft rejection and graft versus host disease

Answer 47

T-cells

Question 48

What is Graft versus host disease?

Answer 48

T cells in a graft see the host tissue as foreign and attack it

Question 49

____ disease is a problem in bone marrow transpants

Answer 49

GvH (graft vs host)

Question 50

Graft rejection/acceptance is mediated by ____ ____ on cells

Answer 50

MHC antigens

Question 51

____ ____ are aggregated nodules of lymphoid tissue located primarily in the lower illeum.

Answer 51

Peyer's patches

Question 52

The folicular epithelium of peyer's patches contains ___ cells, which are antigen ____ cells

Answer 52

M, presenting

Question 53

The lamina propria of the ____ is extremely rich in diffusely scattered lymphoid elements and solitary nodules

Answer 53

appendix

Question 54

Excessive response to infectious reagents can lead to inflammation and swelling of the lymph node, which is called:

Answer 54

lymphadenitis

Question 55

lymph nodes are a common site for ____ of cancer cells

Answer 55

metastasis

Question 56

Because of the frequent and rapid ____ and ____ of lymphoid cells, they are the sources of various types of lymphoma

Answer 56

division, differentiation

Question 57

In palatine tonsils, ____ _____ of epithelium is common

Answer 57

lymphocytic infiltration