spiral bacteria

Question 1

spirochetes species (3)

Answer 1

1. treponema pallidum
2. leptospira interrogans
3. borrelia spp (burgdoferi, recurrentis)

Question 2

spirilla species (curved gram negative rods) (2)

Answer 2

1. helicobacter pylori
2. campylobacter jejuni

Question 3

Treponema Pallidum transmission (3)

Answer 3

1. STI
2. vertical transmission
3. blood transfusions

Question 4

Treponema Pallidum clinical presentations (A LOTT!!!)

Answer 4

SYPHILIS!!

primary syphilis: chancre, local lymphadenopathy

secondary syphilis: maculopapular rash on palms & soles, generalised lymphadenopathy

tertiary syphilis: gummatous w necrotising lesions

late/quaternary syphilis: cardiovascular syphilis (aortic aneurysm), neurosyphilis

latent: all signs disappear, secondary lesions may relapse

congenital syphilis:
- early lesions resemble secondary syphilis
- ‘Hutchingson’s Triad’:
1. cranial nerve 8 deafness
2. interstitial keratitis/corneal clouding
3. hutchinson’s/notched teeth

Question 5

Treponema Pallidum treatment

Answer 5

penicillin (may cause Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction: transient inflammatory syndrome triggered hours after starting antibiotics)

Question 6

Borrelia recurrentis transmission

Answer 6

louse borne

Question 7

Borrelia recurrentis clinical presentation

Answer 7

relapsing fever

Question 8

Borrelia recurrentis treatment

Answer 8

doxycycline

Question 9

Borrelia Burgdoferi transmission

Answer 9

animal reservoirs
tick borne

Question 10

Borrelia Burgdoferi clinical presentations (3)

Answer 10

LYME DISEASE
1. erythema chronicum migrans (spreading rash)
2. cardiac issues, neuro– Bell’s Palsy
3. CNS & migratory polyarthritis

Question 11

Leptospira Interrogans transmission

Answer 11

animal urine (spread through contaminated water e.g. swimming)

Question 12

Leptospira Interrogans clinical presentations (2)

Answer 12

1. leptospirosis: fever, chills, severe headache, muscle pain
2. Weil’s disease: jaundice, haemorrhage, renal damage

Question 13

Leptospira interrogans treatment

Answer 13

penicillin

Question 14

Helicobacter Pylori transmission

Answer 14

oral-oral or faecal-oral

Question 15

Helicobacter Pylori clinical presentations (4)

Answer 15

stomachh
1. peptic ulcer disease
2. chronic active gastritis
3. MALT lymphoma
4. gastric carcinoma/adenocarcinoma

Question 16

Helicobacter Pylori diagnosis

Answer 16

urea breath test (urease positive)

Question 17

Helicobacter Pylori treatment (triple therapy)

Answer 17

omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin

Question 18

Campylobacter Jejuni transmission

Answer 18

faecal-oral (poultry, grows @42degC)

Question 19

Campylobacter Jejuni clinical presentations (2)

Answer 19

1. traveller’s diarrhoea (acute gasteroenteritis) BLOODY diarrhoea
2. guillain barre syndrome: ascending paralysis

Question 20

Campylobacter Jejuni treatment (2)

Answer 20

erythromycin or ciprofloxacin