gram positive cocci

Question 1

strep pyogenes virulence factors (4)

Answer 1

1. M protein
2. streptolysin
3. hyaluronidase
4. pyrogenic exotoxins

Question 2

strep pyogenes transmission

Answer 2

respiratory droplets, direct contact

Question 3

strep pyogenes infections (5)

Answer 3

1. pneumonia
2. pharyngitis
3. SSTI (impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, necrotising faciitis)
4. toxic shock syndrome
5. scarlet fever

Question 4

strep pyogenes post infections (2) + associated diseases

Answer 4

1. Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF, after pharyngitis)–> Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), predisposes to Infectious Endocarditis (IE)
   - diagnosed by revised jones criteria
2. Acute GlomeruloNephritis (AGN)–> acute renal failure

Question 5

strep agalactiae sources (2)

Answer 5

normal GIT
vaginal flora

Question 6

strep agalactiae transmission (3)

Answer 6

1. vertical transmission
2. direct contact
3. fresh water fish

Question 7

strep agalactiae diseases (3)

Answer 7

1. neonatal sepsis
2. neonatal meningitis
3. postpartum infections

Question 8

strep agalactiae treatment

Answer 8

1. prophylactic penicillin (mothers)
2. penicillin + gentamicin

Question 9

strep bovis diseases (2)

Answer 9

1. endocarditis
2. associated with colon cancer

Question 10

enterococcus diseases (3)

Answer 10

1. endocarditis
2. UTI
3. nosocomial infections

Question 11

viridans strep diseases (2)

Answer 11

1. dental caries
2. subacute endocarditis

Question 12

enterococcus treatment

Answer 12

penicillin/vancomycin + gentamicin (endocarditis)
VRE–> use linezolid/tigecycline
RESISTANT TO CEPHALOSPORINS

Question 13

staph aureus virulence factors (4)

Answer 13

1. protein A
2. TSST-1
3. epidermolytic toxins
4. enterotoxins

Question 14

staph aureus transmission (2)

Answer 14

1. respiratory droplets
2. contact

Question 15

staph aureus diseases (7)

Answer 15

1. hospital acquired pneumonia
2. acute endocarditis
3. SSTI (impetigo–> boil/furuncle–> carbuncle)
4. deep infections (abscesses, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis)
5. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSST-1)
6. SSSS or Ritter’s disease (epidermolytic toxins)
7. GIT/food poisoning (enterotoxin)

Question 16

MSSA treatment (3)

Answer 16

cloxacillin
erythromycin
co-amoxiclav

Question 17

MRSA treatment (3)

Answer 17

IV vancomycin
5th gen cephalosporins
linezolid

Question 18

staph epidermidis disease

Answer 18

number 1 cause of subacute endocarditis in prosthetic valves

Question 19

staph saprophyticus disease

Answer 19

UTI in young sexually active women

Question 20

strep pneumoniae transmission

Answer 20

respiratory droplets

Question 21

strep pneumoniae diseases (4)

Answer 21

MOPS!!!
Meningitis (SEVERE)
Otitis media
most common cause of community acquired Pneumonia (lobar–> rust coloured sputum)
Sinusitis

Question 22

strep pneumoniae treatment (2)

Answer 22

penicillin/amoxicillin
vancomycin (meningitis)