atypical bacteria

Question 1

Coxiella Burnetii clinical presentations

Answer 1

Q fever
acute: flu-like illness, pneumonia, PUO
chronic: endocarditis

Question 2

Coxiella Burnetii transmission

Answer 2

from animals, shed in milk & birth products

Question 3

Coxiella Burnetii reproduction

Answer 3

obligate intracellular bacteria: replicates within alveolar macrophages

Question 4

Coxiella Burnetii treatment

Answer 4

doxycycline + rifampicin

Question 5

Rickettsia & Orientia transmission

Answer 5

arthropod vectors

Question 6

Rickettsia & Orientia reproduction

Answer 6

obligate intracellular
replicated in endothelial cells

Question 7

Rickettsia species (3)

Answer 7

1. Rickettsia Prowazekii
2. Rickettsia Typhi
3. Rickettsia Rickettsii

Question 8

Rickettsia Prowazekii disease

Answer 8

epidemic typhus (petechial rash, centrifugal)

Question 9

Rickettsia Prowazekii transmission

Answer 9

human body louse (vector)
man (reservoir)

Question 10

Rickettsia Typhi disease

Answer 10

murine typhus (PUO, centrifugal rash)

Question 11

Rickettsia Typhi transmission

Answer 11

flea (vector)
rats (reservoir)

Question 12

Rickettsia Rickettsii disease

Answer 12

rocky mountain spotted fever (ecchymotic rash, centripetal)

Question 13

Rickettsia Rickettsii transmission

Answer 13

ticks, animal

Question 14

Orientia Tsutsugamushi disease

Answer 14

scrub typhus

Question 15

Orientia Tsutsugamushi transmission

Answer 15

mites, rodents

Question 16

Rickettsia and Orientia treatment

Answer 16

doxycycline

Question 17

Chlamydia Trachomatis diseases (3)

Answer 17

1. trachoma (eye disease)
2. lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
3. chlamydia

Question 18

Trachoma (C. Trachomatis) clinical presentation

Answer 18

recurrent eye infection that leads to scarring of eyelids
leading cause of blindness:
1. corneal scarring & clouding
2. eyelids scarring: eyelids turn in, corneal damage

Question 19

Trachoma (C. Trachomatis) transmission (3)

Answer 19

1. fleas
2. flies
3. fomites

Question 20

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (C. Trachomatis) transmission

Answer 20

STI

Question 21

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (C. Trachomatis) clinical presentations

Answer 21

genital ulcer disease
- papule/vesicle/ulcer on genitals
- chronic: lymph nodes enlarge & suppurate–> elephantiasis of genitals
- proctitis

Question 22

Chlamydia (C. Trachomatis) transmission

Answer 22

STI

Question 23

Chlamydia (C. Trachomatis) clinical presentations (a lot)

Answer 23

females:
- watery, thin, translucent discharge
- endocervical infections
- salpingitis (leads to PID)
- urethritis

males:
- urethritis

both:
- adult inclusion conjunctivitis (eye infection)
- proctitis
- NEONATES: late onset opthalmia neonatorum

Question 24

Chlamydophila Pneumoniae transmission

Answer 24

human to human respiratory infection

Question 25

Chlamydophila Pneumoniae clinical presentations

Answer 25

‘atypical’ pneumonia, bronchitis & sinusitis (upper & lower respiratory tracts)

Question 26

Chlamydophila Psittaci transmission

Answer 26

zoonosis (acquired from birds)
birds to humans

Question 27

Chlamydophila Psittaci clinical presentations

Answer 27

atypical pneumonia

Question 28

Atypicals (Chlamydia, Legionella, Mycoplasma) treatment (3)

Answer 28

little/no peptidoglycan⇒ resistant to cell wall inhibitors (beta lactams, glycopeptides)

1. tetracyclines
2. macrolides (erythromycin)
3. fluoroquinolones

Question 29

atypical pneumonia species (1+3)

Answer 29

1. Legionella pneumophila
2. mycoplasma pneumoniae (walking)
3. chlamydophila Pneumoniae (walking)
4. chlamydophila Psittaci (walking)

Question 30

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae clinical presentations (3)

Answer 30

respiratory tract infections (upper and lower respiratory tracts)
walking pneumonia
paroxysmal cough in children

Question 31

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae complications

Answer 31

erythema multiforme (rash)
rarely: Stevens Johnson syndrome

Question 32

Legionella Pneumophila transmission

Answer 32

associated with water distribution systems

Question 33

Legionella Pneumophila clinical presentations (2)

Answer 33

1. Legionnaires’ disease (atypical pneumonia)
2. pontiac fever (influenza-like virus)