atypical bacteria Flashcards
Coxiella Burnetii clinical presentations
Q fever
acute: flu-like illness, pneumonia, PUO
chronic: endocarditis
Coxiella Burnetii transmission
from animals, shed in milk & birth products
Coxiella Burnetii reproduction
obligate intracellular bacteria: replicates within alveolar macrophages
Coxiella Burnetii treatment
doxycycline + rifampicin
Rickettsia & Orientia transmission
arthropod vectors
Rickettsia & Orientia reproduction
obligate intracellular
replicated in endothelial cells
Rickettsia species (3)
- Rickettsia Prowazekii
- Rickettsia Typhi
- Rickettsia Rickettsii
Rickettsia Prowazekii disease
epidemic typhus (petechial rash, centrifugal)
Rickettsia Prowazekii transmission
human body louse (vector)
man (reservoir)
Rickettsia Typhi disease
murine typhus (PUO, centrifugal rash)
Rickettsia Typhi transmission
flea (vector)
rats (reservoir)
Rickettsia Rickettsii disease
rocky mountain spotted fever (ecchymotic rash, centripetal)
Rickettsia Rickettsii transmission
ticks, animal
Orientia Tsutsugamushi disease
scrub typhus
Orientia Tsutsugamushi transmission
mites, rodents
Rickettsia and Orientia treatment
doxycycline
Chlamydia Trachomatis diseases (3)
- trachoma (eye disease)
- lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
- chlamydia
Trachoma (C. Trachomatis) clinical presentation
recurrent eye infection that leads to scarring of eyelids
leading cause of blindness:
1. corneal scarring & clouding
2. eyelids scarring: eyelids turn in, corneal damage
Trachoma (C. Trachomatis) transmission (3)
- fleas
- flies
- fomites
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (C. Trachomatis) transmission
STI
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (C. Trachomatis) clinical presentations
genital ulcer disease
- papule/vesicle/ulcer on genitals
- chronic: lymph nodes enlarge & suppurate–> elephantiasis of genitals
- proctitis
Chlamydia (C. Trachomatis) transmission
STI
Chlamydia (C. Trachomatis) clinical presentations (a lot)
females:
- watery, thin, translucent discharge
- endocervical infections
- salpingitis (leads to PID)
- urethritis
males:
- urethritis
both:
- adult inclusion conjunctivitis (eye infection)
- proctitis
- NEONATES: late onset opthalmia neonatorum
Chlamydophila Pneumoniae transmission
human to human respiratory infection
Chlamydophila Pneumoniae clinical presentations
‘atypical’ pneumonia, bronchitis & sinusitis (upper & lower respiratory tracts)
Chlamydophila Psittaci transmission
zoonosis (acquired from birds)
birds to humans
Chlamydophila Psittaci clinical presentations
atypical pneumonia
Atypicals (Chlamydia, Legionella, Mycoplasma) treatment (3)
little/no peptidoglycan⇒ resistant to cell wall inhibitors (beta lactams, glycopeptides)
- tetracyclines
- macrolides (erythromycin)
- fluoroquinolones
atypical pneumonia species (1+3)
- Legionella pneumophila
- mycoplasma pneumoniae (walking)
- chlamydophila Pneumoniae (walking)
- chlamydophila Psittaci (walking)
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae clinical presentations (3)
respiratory tract infections (upper and lower respiratory tracts)
walking pneumonia
paroxysmal cough in children
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae complications
erythema multiforme (rash)
rarely: Stevens Johnson syndrome
Legionella Pneumophila transmission
associated with water distribution systems
Legionella Pneumophila clinical presentations (2)
- Legionnaires’ disease (atypical pneumonia)
- pontiac fever (influenza-like virus)
