gram negative cocci

Question 1

moraxella catarrhalis transmission

Answer 1

URT normal flora
opportunistic chest infections (people w co-morbidities)

Question 2

moraxella catarrhalis treatment

Answer 2

co-amoxiclav

Question 3

neisseria gonorrhoeae culture medium

Answer 3

thayer-martin medium (selective medium w antibiotics)

Question 4

neisseria spp (gonorrhoeae & meningitidis) virulence (3)

Answer 4

1. lipo-oligosaccharide (endotoxin)
2. fimbriae
3. outer membrane proteins w high antigenic variation–> no immunity!!

Question 5

neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical presentations (alot)

Answer 5

males
1. urethritis
2. epididymitis

females
1. endocervical infections
2. salpingitis (fallopian tube infection)–> PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)
3. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (violin string adhesions)
- white purulent discharge!!

both
1. proctitis (rectal infection)
2. conjunctivitis–> ophthalmia neonatorum in babies
3. throat infections

Question 6

neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission (2)

Answer 6

1. vertical transmission
2. sexually transmitted

Question 7

neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment

Answer 7

IV ceftriaxone + PO azithromycin

Question 8

neisseria gonorrhoeae diagnosis

Answer 8

nucleic acid tests (basically swab locations of infections)
male: urethral swab
females: endocervical or vaginal swab
both: urine samples, throat & rectal swabs, blood sample

Question 9

neisseria meningitidis culture medium

Answer 9

chocolate agar

Question 10

neisseria meningitidis virulence (2)

Answer 10

1. lipo-oligosaccharide
2. antiphagocytic capsule (A, B, C, Y, W135 subgroups)

Question 11

neisseria meningitidis clinical presentations (2)

Answer 11

1. meningitis
2. meningococcal rash (non-blanching)– petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses

Question 12

neisseria meningitidis transmission (2)

Answer 12

nasopharyngeal carriage
1. respiratory droplets
2. close contact

Question 13

neisseria meningitidis treatment (2)

Answer 13

1. ceftriaxone (clears nasopharyngeal carriage)
2. penicillin G (doesn’t clear)