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ZH&P II - Ortho > spine Exam > Flashcards

spine Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What should be assessed for in a spine exam

A

pain
stiffness
perceived loss of ROM
distal neurological findings

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2
Q

What is important to ask with pain with spinal exam

A

localized or diffuse
worse with activities or position
how long has been around

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3
Q

What is important to ask with associated symptoms with spinal exam

A

numbness or weakness

change in bowel or bladder function

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4
Q

What ask with PMHx with spinal exam

A

fracture
sprain/strain
disc herniation

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5
Q

What ask with SHx with spinal exam

A

occupation
hobbies
smoking

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6
Q

How does smoking affect spine

A

nicotine impairs healing of spinal effusion

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7
Q

What ask with txt with spinal exam

A 
Pain Relievers
Ice/Heat
NSAIDs
CHiropractors
pneumonic: PINCH
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8
Q

What ask with activities of daily with spinal exam

A

how pain affect it

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9
Q

How should a person be exposed for a spinal exam

A

expose entire back from shoulders to below pelvic bones

feet together and arms at sides

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10
Q

What should be inspected for spinal exam

A
  • Skin
  • head midline along with sacrum
  • shoulders and pelvis should be level
  • look at gait as walk (list or limp)
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11
Q

What is normal posture

A
  • 2 concave curvatures

- 2 convex curvatures

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12
Q

Where are the concave curvatures of the spine

A

cervical

lumbar

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13
Q

Where are the convex curvatures of the spine

A

thoracic

sacrococcygeal

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14
Q

What will you see in scoliosis

A

asymmetry of spinal column

asymmetry of shoulder height

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15
Q

What causes winging of scapulae

A

thoracic scoliosis

long thoracic nerve palsy

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16
Q

What does “listing” of the trunk to one side suggest

A

herniated lumbar disc

17
Q

What does tenderness at C1-C2 indicate

A

subluxation in rheumatoid patient

18
Q

What do tenderness of facet joints indicate

A

arthritis at C5-C6 level

19
Q

What do lumbar “step-offs” indicate

A

spondylolisthesis

fracture

20
Q

What are the muscles that are examined in the spinal exam

A

cervical paraspinals and trapezius
thoracic paraspinals and rhomboids
lumbar paraspinals

21
Q

Where is the sciatic nerve

A

midway between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity

22
Q

What does tenderness of the sciatic nerve indicate

A

disc herniation
mass lesion
L4-S3

23
Q

What is the most mobile segment of the spine

A

cervical

24
Q

What tested for cervical ROM in spinal exam

A

flexion (chin to chest)
extension (look at ceiling)
rotation (head to each side)
lateral bending (ear to shoulder)

25
Q

What is the atlantooccipital joint

A

Atlas
controls 1/3 flexion
controls 1/2 lateral bending

26
Q

What is atlantoaxial joint

A

axis

controls 1/2 rotation

27
Q

What does the 3rd through 7th vertebrae control

A

2/3 flexion and extension
1/2 rotation
1/2 lateral bending

28
Q

What ROM for thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in spinal exam

A

flexion (bend forward and touch toes)
extension (bend back)
rotation
lateral bending (lean to one side)

29
Q

What is straight leg raise test for spinal exam

A

test sciatic pain

lie on table and you passively extend leg at hip

30
Q

What are the levels of the straight leg raise test for spinal exam

A

0 to 30 degree pain - lumbar nerve root impingement
30 to 60 degree pain - sacroiliac OA disease
>60 degree pain - lumbosacral OA disease

31
Q

What are the muscle strength tests for spinal exam

A 
hip flexion
knee extension
ankle dorsiflexion
great toe extension
plantar flexion power
32
Q

What are the sensory tests for spinal exam

A 
eyes closed
anterior thigh - L1-L3
inside lower leg - L4
top foot and toes - L5
outside ankle and foot - S1
33
Q

What are the reflex tests for spinal exam

A 
Cervical
-biceps (C5)
-brachioradialis (C6)
-triceps (C7)
Lumbar
- patellar - L4
- achilles - S1

ZH&P II - Ortho (15 decks)

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