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Reminders! > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

C3 - C7 facet orientation

A

45 degree angle

From C3 to C7 orientation changes from medial to lateral in frontal plane (happens around C5/C6)

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2
Q

OA and AA motion

A

OA: FLEX/EXT — (rot/SB OPP)

AA: ROT only

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3
Q

C3 - C7 coupling

A

SB and ROT SAME

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4
Q

Tectorial membrane
Location
Test

A

Continuation of PLL (C2 to occiput)

Grab occiput and pull into flexion and distraction

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5
Q

Alar ligament
Location
Test

A

lateral sides of dens to lateral margins of foramen mag

Stabilize C2 and LF head

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6
Q

Transverse ligament
Location
Test

A

Occipital tubercles to lateral masses of C1

Stabilize C2 and extend backward (sharp purser)

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7
Q 
C3 - C7 
Facet closing (LF vs. Rot)
A

Ipsilateral facet closes with LF

Contralateral facet closes with Rot

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8
Q

Motion changes throughout cervical

A

Flex/Ext stays same as descend
LF decreases from C3-C7
Rot same C3-C7

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9
Q

Scalenes

A

Ant - flex, LF toward, rot away (TP C3-6 to 1st rib)
Mid - flex, LF (TP C2-7 to 1st rib)
Post - flex, LF toward, rot toward (TP C5-7 to 2nd rib)

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10
Q

Semispinalis mm

A

Ipsilateral LF, Contralateral Rot, Extension

Go from TP to SP

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11
Q

Splenius mm

A

Go from SP to TP

Ipsilateral LF and Ipsilateral Rot, Extension

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12
Q

Rim lesion

A

Horizontal anterior tear in annulus without tearing ALL

Difficulty lifting head off pillow

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13
Q

Diagnostics for radiculopathy (4 criteria)

A

Pos neurodynamics
Cervical rot less than 60 deg
Distraction test pos
Spurling test pos

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14
Q

Spurling test

A

Spurling/Compression test
Can just do compression
Or add LF/Ext = spurling
Positive - IVH, nn root impingement

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15
Q

VBI

A

5 Ds And 3 Ns
Dysarthria, Dizzy, Dysphagia, Diplopia, Drop attacks
Ataxia
Nausea, Nystagmus, Numbness

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16
Q

Disc herniation - cervical - most common at

A

C6

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17
Q

Thoracic facet orientation

A

Lateral to medial as move from T1 to T12 (change at about T6/T7)
60 degrees

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18
Q

Movement change as go down thoracic

A

Flex/Ext inc slightly as you descend
LF is minimal throughout
Rot is minimal throughout but dec at T9-T12

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19
Q

Ribs and thoracic vertebrae

A

T2-T9 have demifacets for ribs

T1, T10-T12 have complete rib facets

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20
Q

Ratio of disc height to body height reflect

A

MOBILITY

Body height increases as descend thoracic and mobility increases

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21
Q

Upper thoracic rotation R causes in what rib movement

A

L rib moves ant and medially

R rib moves post and lateral

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22
Q

Thoracic SP - rules of 3

A

T1-T3 = SP is at level of same vertebral body (T12 too)

T4-T6 = At disc below (T11 too)

T6-T9 = At vertebrae body below (T10 too)

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23
Q

With unilateral should flexion, what happens to thoracic

A

Thoracic extension and ipsilateral rot and LF

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24
Q

Thoracic flex leads to what rib motion

A

Downward rotation

25
Q

Thoracic ext leads to what rib motion

A

Upward rotation

26
Q

Thoracic rot (R) leads to what rib motion

A

R rib rotate up

L rib rotate down

27
Q

Thoracic LF (R) leads to what rib motion

A

Ipsilateral rib down

Contralateral rib up

28
Q

Pump, Bucket, Caliper

A 
Pump = 1-6, sagittal, ribs move up and ant with insp
Bucket = 7-10, up, back, med with insp
Caliper = 8-12, transverse, post/lat with insp
29
Q

If rib torsion and thoracic issue - tx what first

A

THORACIC SPINE

30
Q

Scoliosis

A

ROTATIONAL DEFORMITY - spine is curved with vetebrae rotated towards side of convexity
Rib hump on side of convexity
Rib hump ONLY WITH STRUCTURAL!

31
Q

Lumbar facet orientation

A

90 degrees

Post and med

32
Q

Freyette laws

A

1 - in NEUTRAL rot and SB occur in OPP
2 - in flex/ext rot and SB occur in SAME
3 - motion introduced in one plane will dec motion in others

33
Q

FRS(L)

A

F so we know SAME
So motion avail - flex, rot L, SB L
Restricted in - ext, rot R, SB R

So to tx - put in L sl, ext them, rot R and use legs to SB R

34
Q

Motion changes throughout lumbar as descend

A

Flex/Ext - increase as descend
LF - dec at lower
Rot - minimal

35
Q

Ferguson’s angle

A

AKA lumbosacral angle
Formed by line through superior aspect of scarum and horizontal (lateral view)

Hyperlord = more than 45
Hypolord = less than 35

Norm is 35-45

36
Q

Disc herniation rules

A

C1-8 nerve roots come out ABOVE respective vert
(C5 nerve root is between C4 and C5 vert)
(C8 nerve root is between C7 and T1 vert)

T1-L5 nn roots come out BELOW respective vert
(L2 comes out between L2 and L3 vert)

37
Q

Herniated disc at T12/L1 is impinging which nerve

A

T12!

38
Q

Conus medullaris at what level

A

L2

This is where cauda equina begins!

39
Q

L4/L5 disc herniation impinges which nerve?

A

L5!!!
Below L2 and cervical follow same rule - disc herniation will impinge the nn root level named same as the bottom vertebrae
L2/L3 will impinge L3 even though L2 comes out at L2/L3 articulation

40
Q

Pt likely to benefit from lumbar stabilization if what

A

need 3 of 4

Less than 40 yo
Pos prone instability test
SLR greater than 91
Aberrant movement

41
Q

Tx for instability - pattern

A

Control NZ - dynamic control - rehab global stabilizers - length/inhibit overactive mm

42
Q

Positive neurodynamic testing

A

NEED ALL 4

Reproduction of comparable sign
Changes in s/s with distal mvmnt of extremity
Differences btw sides
Positive nn palpation

43
Q

Nerves

A 
Femoral = L2 - L4
Sciatic = L4 - S3
Sup peroneal = L5-S1
Deep peroneal = L4-L5
Tibial = S1-S2
44
Q

Stork Standing

A

For spondylolisthesis
Stand on one leg - go into ext
If pain on standing leg (+)

45
Q

Standing - What type of motion (SIJ)

A

Ilium moving on sacrum (iliosacral movement)

Standing forward bend, Gillet test - looking at Innominate dysfunction (long sitting too)

46
Q

Sitting - What type of motion (SJ)

A

Sacrum moves on fixed ilium (sacroiliac movement)

Seated forward bend and sphinx

47
Q

Nutation

A

Close packed of SIJ
Anterior tilting of sacrum (glides inf and post)

Inc lumbar lordosis, occurs with exhalation

Sacrum moves ant on ileum

48
Q

Counternutation

A

Open packed position of SIJ
Posterior tilting of sacrum (glides ant and sup)

Will decrease lumbar lordosis, occurs with inhalation

49
Q

Sacral torsions - types

A

Type 1 = Anterior - L on L or R on R

Type 2 = Posterior - R on L or L on R

50
Q

Anterior torsion (L on L example)

Deep \_\_\_
Prominent \_\_\_
Lumbar ext
Lumbar lordosis
PA on sacrum
L5
A 
Deep RIGHT
Prominent LEFT
Lumbar ext EXCESSIVE/NORMAL
Lumbar lordosis EXCESSIVE/NORMAL
PA on sacrum POSSIBLE
L5 SB R, ROT L (follows neutral spine - OPP)
51
Q

Posterior torsion (R on L example)

Deep \_\_\_
Prominent \_\_\_
Lumbar ext
Lumbar lordosis
PA on sacrum
L5
A 
Deep LEFT
Prominent RIGHT
Lumbar ext LIMITED
Lumbar lordosis FLAT
PA on sacrum LIMITED
L5 SB L, ROT L
52
Q

Thigh thrust

A

Put thenar on pt sacrum (med to PSIS)
Flex hip to 90 and adduct in
Apply shear pressure through femur
Pos if butt pain (SIJ)

53
Q

Gaenslen

A

Fully flex hip.knee on affected while keeping other in full ext
Pos if LBP or butt pain - Hip flex causes post inominate rot

54
Q

Sacral thrust

A

PA over sacrum

55
Q

What would indicate SIJ issue

A

3/5 of provocation tests

SIJ comp/distraction
Gaenslens
Thigh thrust
Sacral thrust

56
Q

Standing FBT

A

SIJ hypomobility if one PSIS elevates higher than other

57
Q

Seated FBT

A

SIJ hypomobility if PSIS that was lower is higher with forward bend

58
Q

Gillet

A

Standing - palpate S2 and PSIS on one side

When flex that hip - if PSIS does not move inf = hypomobility

59
Q

Long sitting test

A

For leg length vs. pelvic rotation
pos for post rotation if shorter leg in supine becomes longer in sitting
OPP would happen for ant rotated innominate

Reminders! (22 decks)

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