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Reminders! > Block 7 > Flashcards

Block 7 Flashcards

1
Q

McKenzie

A

Peripheralization
Centralization

Postural syndrome - normal tissues
Dysfunction syndrome - mechanically shortened tissue (tx with mvmnt that produces pain)
Derangement syndrome - follows periph/cent principle (tx with cent mvmnt)

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2
Q

Mulligan

A 
Therapist applied accessory mvmnts that are combined with physiological
NEVER CAUSE PAIN 
MWM
NAG - natural apop glide
SNAG - sustained (with active movement)
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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

no nucleus, no circular DNA, cell walls made with petidoglycan

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4
Q

gram positive vs. gram negaitve

A 
Positive = purple, thick peptidoglycan layer
Negative = red, thin layer - has outer membrane too though with LPS
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5
Q

Sterilization

A 
Destroys all - even spores
Moist heat (autoclaving)
Dry heat
Radiation
Ethylene oxide gas
Filtration
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6
Q

Cellulitis

A

Can’t tell involved vs. uninvolved tissue

Usually GAS or staph

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7
Q

MRSA = resistant to

A

betalactams (penicillin)
Hospital acquired
Tx with vancomycin

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8
Q

Viruses = need

A

Host for replication!

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9
Q

HSV

A

Has a latent period

Tx = acyclovir

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10
Q

HSV 1 vs. HSV 2

A 
Oral = 1
Genital = 2
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11
Q

Varicella zoster

A 
Varicella = chicken pox = primary
Zoster = shingles = reactivation
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12
Q

Hep

A 
A = fecal/oral - no long term prob, VACCINE
B = BLOOD contact or sex, VACCINE
C = BLOOD or sex, no vaccine!!!
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13
Q

HIV/AIDs

A

Mostly through sex

CD4 < 200 for diagnosis of AIDS

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14
Q

Tinea corporis

A

ring worm

Typically on trunk but can be anywhere

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15
Q

General targets for antibiotics

A

Cell wall/membrane
Protein synthesis
DNA/RNA synthesis

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16
Q

Beta lactams include

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Monobactams
Carbapenems

A lot of bacteria become resistance to beta lactams

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17
Q

Cell wall inhibitors

A 
Penicillin (hypersens)
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenams (hypoten) 
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Polymyxin B
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18
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Aminoglycosides (end in mycin - nephron/oto toxicity)

Tetracycline (impair growth, avoid in preg F and kids)

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19
Q

DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors

A

Rifamycin
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprin
Fluoroquinolones (tendons)

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20
Q

Levator ani includes

A

Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus

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21
Q

PFM includes

A

Levator ani and coccygeus

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22
Q

PFM - fast vs. slow

A

70% slow twitch and 30% fast

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23
Q

Obturator internus

A

ER

Palpate with pressure medially towards ischial tub

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24
Q

Piriformis

A

Above 60 flex is an IR and abd

Otherwise = ER

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25
Q

Sphincters - which is only in males

A

IUS - involuntary - contracts to prevent retrograde ejaculation

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26
Q

Sphincters

A

EUS - 70% invol, 30% volun (control with pee)
IAS - involuntary (20% resting tone)
EAS - voluntary - control defecation

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27
Q

WH - general innervations

A 
Somatics = PFM and external sphicnters S2-4
Sympathetics = internal sphinc = STORE - T11 - L2
Parasymp = smooth mm relax (PEE) - S2 - S4
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28
Q

Anorectal angle

A

Puborecatlis maintains anorectal angle at 90 degrees
Increase angle = poop
Decreased angle = harder to poop

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29
Q

Normal amount of voiding in 24 hours

A

5-7

Mild = 7 to 9 with min to no urgency
Mod = 10+ with urgency
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30
Q

Functional incontinence

A

Unable to reach restroom due to movement limitations

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31
Q

Preg - Estrogen functions to

A

Increase uterus/breast size

Relax ligaments

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32
Q

Preg - relaxin peaks

A

in 1st trimester and stays elevated
Inhibits uterine contraction
Relaxes ligaments

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33
Q

Preg - progesterone

A

smooth mm relaxation
Hyperventilation
Inc core temp

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34
Q

CV changes with preg

A

Blood volume inc 50%
HR, SV, CO increase
Inc venous pressure
Aorta partially occluded in supine

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35
Q

Pulmonary changes with preg

A 
Stretching of ribcage out and up
Inc secretions
Inc hyperventilation
Inc work of breathing 
Dyspnea earlier with exercise
36
Q

MS changes

A 
Abdominal mm stretched
PFM damage
Joint hypermobility
Postural changes (inc kyphosis, GH IR,, pec tight, weak scap)

STRETCH GASTROCS FOR ALL PREG W

37
Q

Stages of birthing

A

Labor
Delivery
Afterbirth

Always make sure to ask how long stage 2 was

38
Q

Exercise and preg

A

HUGE FALL RISK!
But ex can overall be continued
Exercise and fitness leads to faster recovery and potentially healthier baby

39
Q

Exercise and preg guidelines

A

Reg/mod intensity for 30 min or more dailry
Avoid more than 5 min of supine
Stop when fatigued - never ex to exhaustion

40
Q

CRH -

A

ACTH - adrenal cortex - cortisol, aldosterone

Cushings (high)
Addisons (low)

41
Q

TRH -

A

TSH - thyroid gland - T3 and T4

Hyperthyroidism (graves)
Hypothyroidism (hashimoto)

TRH also - PRL - breast tissue to increase milk production

42
Q

GnRH -

A

FSH and LH - testes and ovaries

43
Q

GHRH

GHIH

A

RH - inc GH
IH - dec GH

Gigantism
Acromegaly
Dwarfism

44
Q

Steroid hormones

A 
derived from cholesterol
fat soluble 
Adrenal (cortisol, aldosterone)
Gonadal (test, est, prog) 
Vit D

Bind to receptors inside the cell

45
Q

Water soluble hormones

A

Catecholamines (from adrenal med - Epi, NE)

Bind to receptors on cell membrane

46
Q

What inhibits prolactin release

A

Dopamine! (PIH)

47
Q

Post pit

A

ADH/Vasopressin

Oxytocin

48
Q

Thyroid disroders always have ____ effects

49
Q

Increase blood glucose levels = secrete

A

Insulin (from beta cells) to dec blood glucose

50
Q

Decrease in blood glucose = secretion of

A

GLucagon (from alpha cells)

51
Q

Type 1 DM

A

beta cells can’t produce insulin

Can see ketoacidosis - life threatening

52
Q

Type 2 DM

A 
Cells become insulin resistant 
Polyuria because of increased osmotic load in BV 
Hyperglycemia
Plyphagia 
Tri neuropathy
53
Q

PTH

A

activated release when Ca is low
Requires active vit D to promote Ca resorption from bone

Hypocalcemia - hypoPTH - hyperexcitability of the mm and nerves (tetany, CHF, seizures, arrhythmias)
Hypercalcema - hyperPTH - hypoexcitability of the mm and nerves (fatigue, weak, constipation)

54
Q

Calcitonin

A

Released by thyroid gland when Ca is too high

Dec activity of PTH and dec bone resorption

55
Q

Vit D

A

Have to have it to uptake Ca from the gut
Inc Ca and P concentrations in the plasma
Promotes PTH function of osteoclasts and bone resorption

56
Q

Leukopenia

A

Dec WBC
below 1000 = risk for infection
below 500 = life threatening

57
Q

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A

Most common leukemia in children

ALL

58
Q

Acute myelogenous leukemia

A

Most common leukemia in adults

AML

59
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma - diagnostic characteristic

A

Reed Sternberg Cells (Owl eyes)!!!

Very survivable , causes pruritis, no CNS effects, pain, night sweats, usually young men

60
Q

Non hodgkins -

A

Not as predictable as HL
Might have neuro s/s
Spreads to visceral structures

61
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Autosomal recessive
Abnormal form of hemoglobin
RBCs change shape as they de oxygenize

62
Q

Most common anemia

A

Iron deficiency

63
Q

Fat soluble vitamisn

A 
A
E 
K
D 
Can be toxic
64
Q

Cell types of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes (primary)
Melanocytes
Langerhan
Merkel

65
Q

Blister = damage to

A

Basement membrane

66
Q

Dermis made of

A

Papillary and Reticular (deeper)

67
Q

Epidermis made of (sup to deep)

A 
Cornuem
Lucidum (only palms and soles)
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale
68
Q

Dermis cell types

A

Fibroblasts (primary)
Macrophages
Mast

69
Q

Sweat glands

A

Apocrine - puberty

Eccrine - activity/temp

70
Q

Stages of wound healing

A

Inflammatory (0 to 4 days)
Proliferation/Granulation (4 to 21 days)
Remodeling/Maturation (21 days to 2 months)

71
Q

What pressure is required to obstruct blood flow in capillary bed

72
Q

Venous ulcer

A

Medial
Hemosiderin
Irregular wound margin
Lipodermatosclerosis

COMPRESSION

73
Q

Arterial ulcer

A 
Symmetrical margins
Pain
Dry
Pale wound bed
Diminished pulses
Skin shiny, red, hairless

NO COMPRESSION! CHECK ABI

74
Q

Non selective debridement

A

Mechanical (whirlpool, scrubbing, wet to dry, pulsed lavage)
Surgical
Non enzymatic

Take viable and non viable

75
Q

Selective debridement

A

Sharp
Autolytic
Enzymatic

76
Q

Zones with burns

A

Central zone of coagulation - tissue is dead
Zone of stasis - critical zone - can reverse with tx
Zone of hyperemia - zone will recover

77
Q

Rule of nines - adult vs. child

A 
Head = 9%
Chest and back = EACH 18%
Each arm = 9%
Each leg = 18%
Perineum = 1%

Child Head = 18%
Each leg is 13.5%

78
Q

Short stretch bandage

A

Low resting, high acting working pressure

79
Q

Long stretch bandage

A

Low acting, high resting

80
Q

Buoyancy

A

Archimedes principle
When immersed in water, body will experience an upward thrust equal to the weight of fluid that was displaced
Center of B = T11

81
Q

Unloading with water depths

A

C7 - 90% unloaded
Xiphoid - 60%
Umbillicus - 50%

82
Q

Relative density - body vs. water

A

Body is less than water so we tend to float
Fat people float more than muscular people
Fat (0.8) Muscle (1.5)

83
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pascals law
When body is immersed in water, there is a pressure exerted by the fluid on the tissues at rest
The deeper the body part, the greater the pressure

84
Q

Hydrostatic vs. venous pressure

A

Hydrostatic pressure greter than venous = will decrease edema

Can also make it harder to breathe
Inc SV and CO

85
Q

Viscostiy

A

Friction between water molecules that cause resistance to flow
Creates turbulence
Faster you move in water - the more resistance

86
Q

Contraindications to aquatics

A 
Tubes/lines/trach
Open wounds
Environmental communicable disease
Ejection fraction less than 25% 
Vital capacity less than 1.5 L
Immuno compromised
Seizures
Renal disease

Reminders! (22 decks)

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