Ankle

Question 1

Talus is thicker

Answer 1

Anteriorly

Question 2

Pronation includes

Answer 2

DF
ABD
EV

Question 3

Supination includes

Answer 3

PF
ADD
INV

Question 4

Gravity has tendency to

Answer 4

force us into anterior fall

PF (gastroc/soleus) control this tonically

Question 5

Supination twist

Answer 5

WB as go into heel strike
Calc everts (so forefoot supinates) 
Plantar ligaments tighten 
Talus ADD
IR of tibia

Question 6

Subtalar joint is what

Answer 6

Talus with calcaneus

Question 7

ROM

Answer 7

50
20
20 (inv)
10 (ev)

Question 8

Windlass effect

Answer 8

Plantar fascia from calcaneus to first row of phalanges

When you DF you foot, you would think the arch would be flat because fascia tight - BUT actually the arch becomes caves because of DF and aponeurosis inc cavus!
Windlass test - big toe extension

Question 9

3 arches of the foot

Answer 9

medial and lateral and 1 transverse

Trans - intermed cuneiform
Med - talus and navicular
Lat - cuboid

Add strength, stability, mobility, resilience
Shock absorption, dissipate energy

Question 10

Ottawa ankle rules

Answer 10

Inability to WB 4 steps after
Bony tenderness to posterior malleoli edge
Bony tenderness 6cm above either malloelus
Bony tenderness at navicular
Bony tenderness over base of 5th MT

Question 11

At initial contact, what does the calcaneus do?

Answer 11

Calc EV

Rearfoot pronation

Question 12

At push off - calc does what

Answer 12

Calc INV

Rearfoot supination

Question 13

When calc evers, the tibia

Answer 13

IR

Question 14

When calc inverts, the tibia

Answer 14

ER

Question 15

NWB forefoot is in varus, in WB the forefoot will

Answer 15

Pronate
Calc EV
Tibia IR
Because IR tibia is coupled with knee FLEX, this will cause a knee flexion moment at the knee and IR at the hip

Question 16

NWB calc valgus, WB calcaneus

Answer 16

continues in valgus (like eversion of calcaneus)
forefoot supinates
tibia IR
talus add

Question 17

NWB calc varus, WB calcaneus

Answer 17

continues in varus (like inversion of calc)
forefoot pronates
tibia ER
talus abd

Question 18

When testing DF ROM - important to

Answer 18

bend knee so that gastroc is shortened

Question 19

Achilles tendinopathy

Answer 19

Occurs 3-6 cm above insertion

Question 20

Mulders sign

Answer 20

Testing for mortons neuroma

Common between 3rd and 4th

Question 21

Kliegers test

Answer 21

Deltoid ligament

for high ankle sprain

Question 22

Anterior drawer test

Answer 22

for anterior talofibular

ankle is in 10-15 degrees of PF

Question 23

Posterior drawer test

Answer 23

Posterior tibiofibular ligament

Push talus post

Question 24

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 24

Post tibial nerve compression at flexor retinaculum

Question 25

Thompson test

Answer 25

squeeze gastroc (+) if no PF

Question 26

Calcaneofibular ligament test

Answer 26

Stab tib/fib
DF to 90
And place force into inversion

Question 27

Posterior talofibular test

Answer 27

Stabilize tib/fib

Rotate heel medially with DF

Question 28

Deltoid

Answer 28

Bring entire foot over laterally to stress medial strcutrues

Question 29

Squueze

Answer 29

Squeeze 6-8in below the knee - syndesmosis lesion

Question 30

Sustentaculum tali

Answer 30

Tom, Dick, and nervous Harry (MEDIAL)

TP, FDL, tibial artery, tibial nerve, FHL

Question 31

Ankle ligament testing (ones with order)

Answer 31

Anterior drawer (ant talofibular ligament)
Calcaneofibular ligament test
Posterior talofibular ligament test

If A is neg don’t do C, if C is neg don’t do P

Question 32

Lateral collateral ligaments includes

Answer 32

Talofibular (ant and post)

Calcaneofibular

Question 33

Medial ligaments

Answer 33

Deltoid

Spring

Question 34

Which is weaker - medial or lateral ankle

Answer 34

Lateral!

Question 35

Wells criteria DVT

Answer 35

need 3 major and 2 min

Active CA, Paralysis, Bedridden, Tenderness, Thigh/Calf Swelling, Family hx of DVT

Hx of recent trauma, Pitting edema, Dilated Sup Vens, Hospitalized last 6 months, Erythema