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Musculoskeletal System > Spinal Symposium > Flashcards

Spinal Symposium Flashcards

1
Q

describe a basic vertebrae

A 
vertebral body
spinal foramen for spinal nerve roots
lamina superior
pedicles
spinous process
transverse process
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2
Q

what is the joint between the vertebral bodies

A

secondary cartilaginous

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3
Q

what is the joint between the spinous processes

A

facet joints

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4
Q

how does the ribs attach

A

ribs attach body of vertebrae of corresponding rib and rib above e.g rib 7 to 7 and 6

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5
Q

what is the cervical spine described as

A

lordosis

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6
Q

what is the thoracic spine described as

A

kyphosis

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7
Q

what is the lumber spine describe as

A

lordosis

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8
Q

what muscles are the erector spinae

A

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

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9
Q

where does the spinal chord end

A

l1 at conus medularis

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10
Q

what is a dermatome

A

an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve

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11
Q

what is a myotome

A

a group of muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve

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12
Q

what does C5 spply

A

shoulder abduction-deltoid

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13
Q

what does c6 supply

A

elbow flexion and wrist extention-biceps

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14
Q

what does c7 supply

A

elbow extensors -triceps

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15
Q

what does c8 supply

A

long finger flexors

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16
Q

what does t1 supply

A

finger abduction-interossei

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17
Q

what does l2 supply

A

hip flexion-iliosoas

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18
Q

what does l3/4 supply

A

kneee extension

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19
Q

what does l4 supply

A

ankle dorsiflexion

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20
Q

what does l6 supply

A

big to extension

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21
Q

what does s1 supply

A

ankle plantar flexion

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22
Q

what is the peak age for a SCI

A

20-29 male

23
Q

what is the most common cause of SCi

A

fall or RTA
tumour
spinal chord stroke

24
Q

what is a complete injury

A

no motor or nerve function distal to the lesion
no anal squeeze
no chance of recovery

25
Q

what is an incomplete injury

A

some function is present below the site of injury

26
Q

what is ASIA classification

A

grade A-E

A being worse E being normal

27
Q

what are the patterns of injury

A

quadraplegia
paraplegia
central chord syndrome
anterior chord syndrome

28
Q

what is quadriplegia

A

partial or total loss of all four limbs and the trunk
loss of motor and sensory usually by a cervical fracture
rest failure- diaphragm

29
Q

what is spasticity

A

increased muscle tone
upper motor neurone lesion
above L1

30
Q

what is paraplegia

A

partial or total loss of lower limbs
arm function spared
bowel function affected

31
Q

what is central chord syndrome

A

older patients
loss of sensation in arms
injury of corticospinal tract

32
Q

what is anterior chord syndrome

A

hyeprflexion injury

damaged anterior spinal artery

33
Q

what is brown-sequard syndrome

A

heme-section of the chord
paralysis on affected side
pain and temp loss on opposite side of lesion-spinothalamic

34
Q

how to you manage someone with a SCI

A

key is to prevent secondary insult

ABC

35
Q

what imaging should you use

A

x ray
CT
MRI

36
Q

what is surgical fixation

A

pedicle screws

37
Q

what kind of long term management is needed

A

spinal chord unit
physiotherapy
OT
psychological support

38
Q

what is a lumbar disc prolapse

A

lateral or central disc protrusion
extrusion
sequestration-material free in canal

39
Q

what is the structure of an intervertebral disc

A

annulus fibrosis

nucleus pulposus-mainly of water,collegens and proteoglycans

40
Q

what happens to the disc during aging

A

decreased water
disc space narrowing
degenerative changes in facet joint

41
Q

what is cervical disc prolapse

A

usually c5/6

42
Q

what is thoracic prolapse

A

mainly t11/12

43
Q

what is lumbar prolapse

A

usually l5/s1

44
Q

what is cauda equine syndrome

A

surgical emergency-urgent MRI

sacral nerve roots are comprised which can lead to permanent damage

45
Q

what are the symptoms of cauda equine syndrome

A 
low back pain
pain in one leg
saddle paraesthesia 
incontience 
urinary retention
46
Q

what causes cauda equine syndrome

A

central lumbar prolapse
tumours
epidural abscess
infection

47
Q

how to diagnose

A

MRI

lumbar CT

48
Q

how to manage cauda equine syndrome

A

operate within 48 hours

discectomy

49
Q

what are the ligaments of the spin

A 
ant longitudinal 
post longitudinal
ligamentum flavum
interspinous 
supraspinous 
intertranservse
50
Q

what is spinal claudication

A

due to marked narrowing o spinal canal with resulting pressure on cauda equine
walking DOWN

51
Q

what is spinal stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of spinal canal

52
Q

what types of spinal stenosis are there

A

lateral recess
central
foraminal

53
Q

what is lateral recess stenosis

A

nerve is pinched as it leaves spinal canal
nerve root injection
epidural injection

Musculoskeletal System (34 decks)

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