Spinal Symposium Flashcards
describe a basic vertebrae
vertebral body spinal foramen for spinal nerve roots lamina superior pedicles spinous process transverse process
what is the joint between the vertebral bodies
secondary cartilaginous
what is the joint between the spinous processes
facet joints
how does the ribs attach
ribs attach body of vertebrae of corresponding rib and rib above e.g rib 7 to 7 and 6
what is the cervical spine described as
lordosis
what is the thoracic spine described as
kyphosis
what is the lumber spine describe as
lordosis
what muscles are the erector spinae
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
where does the spinal chord end
l1 at conus medularis
what is a dermatome
an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve
what is a myotome
a group of muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve
what does C5 spply
shoulder abduction-deltoid
what does c6 supply
elbow flexion and wrist extention-biceps
what does c7 supply
elbow extensors -triceps
what does c8 supply
long finger flexors
what does t1 supply
finger abduction-interossei
what does l2 supply
hip flexion-iliosoas
what does l3/4 supply
kneee extension
what does l4 supply
ankle dorsiflexion
what does l6 supply
big to extension
what does s1 supply
ankle plantar flexion
what is the peak age for a SCI
20-29 male
what is the most common cause of SCi
fall or RTA
tumour
spinal chord stroke
what is a complete injury
no motor or nerve function distal to the lesion
no anal squeeze
no chance of recovery
what is an incomplete injury
some function is present below the site of injury
what is ASIA classification
grade A-E
A being worse E being normal
what are the patterns of injury
quadraplegia
paraplegia
central chord syndrome
anterior chord syndrome
what is quadriplegia
partial or total loss of all four limbs and the trunk
loss of motor and sensory usually by a cervical fracture
rest failure- diaphragm
what is spasticity
increased muscle tone
upper motor neurone lesion
above L1
what is paraplegia
partial or total loss of lower limbs
arm function spared
bowel function affected
what is central chord syndrome
older patients
loss of sensation in arms
injury of corticospinal tract
what is anterior chord syndrome
hyeprflexion injury
damaged anterior spinal artery
what is brown-sequard syndrome
heme-section of the chord
paralysis on affected side
pain and temp loss on opposite side of lesion-spinothalamic
how to you manage someone with a SCI
key is to prevent secondary insult
ABC
what imaging should you use
x ray
CT
MRI
what is surgical fixation
pedicle screws
what kind of long term management is needed
spinal chord unit
physiotherapy
OT
psychological support
what is a lumbar disc prolapse
lateral or central disc protrusion
extrusion
sequestration-material free in canal
what is the structure of an intervertebral disc
annulus fibrosis
nucleus pulposus-mainly of water,collegens and proteoglycans
what happens to the disc during aging
decreased water
disc space narrowing
degenerative changes in facet joint
what is cervical disc prolapse
usually c5/6
what is thoracic prolapse
mainly t11/12
what is lumbar prolapse
usually l5/s1
what is cauda equine syndrome
surgical emergency-urgent MRI
sacral nerve roots are comprised which can lead to permanent damage
what are the symptoms of cauda equine syndrome
low back pain pain in one leg saddle paraesthesia incontience urinary retention
what causes cauda equine syndrome
central lumbar prolapse
tumours
epidural abscess
infection
how to diagnose
MRI
lumbar CT
how to manage cauda equine syndrome
operate within 48 hours
discectomy
what are the ligaments of the spin
ant longitudinal post longitudinal ligamentum flavum interspinous supraspinous intertranservse
what is spinal claudication
due to marked narrowing o spinal canal with resulting pressure on cauda equine
walking DOWN
what is spinal stenosis
abnormal narrowing of spinal canal
what types of spinal stenosis are there
lateral recess
central
foraminal
what is lateral recess stenosis
nerve is pinched as it leaves spinal canal
nerve root injection
epidural injection
