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Musculoskeletal System > Foot Problems > Flashcards

Foot Problems Flashcards

1
Q

what are examples of non-operative management

A 
analgesia
show wear modification
activity modification
physiotherapy
orthotics
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2
Q

what are examples of forefoot probelms

A 
hall valgus
hallux rigidus
lesser toe deformities
Mortons neuroma 
rheumatoid forefoot
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3
Q

describe half valgus

A

bunions

lateral angulation of the greater toe

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4
Q

what is the cause of hallux valgus

A

genetic
footwear
female-presents with metatarsalgia

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5
Q

what is the diagnosis of callous halgus

A

clinical

xray

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6
Q

what is the management of hallux valgus

A

shoe wear modification
analgeisa
operative- osteotomy of 1st metatarsal
sometimes proximal phalanges

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7
Q

describe hallux rigidus

A

stiff big toe
oseteoarhtiis of 1st MTP
pain at extreme dorsiflexion

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8
Q

what is the cause of hallux rigidus

A

genetic

unknown

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9
Q

what is the management of hallux rigidus

A

activity modification
surgery cheilectomy
1st MTPJ fusion

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10
Q

what are examples of lesser toe deformities

A

claw toes
hammer toes
mallet toes

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11
Q

what are they caused by

A

imbalance between flexors and extensors

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12
Q

what is the management of lesser toe deformities

A

activity modification

operative-flexor to extensor tranfer, osteotomy, shortening of MTPJ joint

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13
Q

what is morons neuroma

A

inflammation, swelling and numbness on plantar side

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14
Q

what is the cause of Mortons neuroma

A

degenerative neuropathy
females 40-60
high healed shoes

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15
Q

what are the clinical signs of Mortons neuroma

A

3rd/2nd inter webbed space

burning in toes

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16
Q

how is Mortons neuroma diagnosed

A

clinical
MRI
mulders click

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17
Q

what is the management of morons neuroma

A

injection for small lesions

section of normal nerve

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18
Q

what is metatarsalgia

A

a symptom not a diagnosis

ball of the foot becomes painful and inflamed

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19
Q

what is rheumatoid forefott

A

in people with RA
can include hallux valgus
claw toes

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20
Q

what is the management of rheumatoid forefoot

A

shoewear
activity
1st MTPJ fusion

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21
Q

what are examples of mid foot probelms

A

ganglia
osteoarthritis
plantar fibrzomatosis

22
Q

describe a foot ganglia

A

arise from a joint or tendon sheath capsule

23
Q

what are the causes of a foot ganglia

A

underlying arthritis

tendon pathology

24
Q

what is the treatment of a ganglion

A

aspiration

bible

25
Q

describe mid foot arthritis

A

post traumatic

rheumatoid

26
Q

what is the treatment for mid foot arthritis

A

activity
injections
fusion of joints

27
Q

describe plantar fibromatosis

A

mass of fibrous tissue which develops on the arch of the foot
progressive
sore when pressure is applied

28
Q

what is the treatment for plantar firbomatosis

A

excision

radiotherapy

29
Q

what are examples of hind foot problems

A 
achilles tendonitis
plantar fasciitis 
ankle osteoarhtirib 
tibias posterior dysfunction
cavavarus foot
30
Q

describe Achille tendonitis

A

degenerative/overuse with little inflammation

31
Q

what can cause achilles tendonitis

A

insertional tendonipathy
bursitis
steroids
obesity

32
Q

what are the symptoms of achilles tendonisits

A

pain during exercise
pain after exercise
difficulty fitting shoes

33
Q

how do you diagnose Achille tendonitis

A

clinical-tenderness, test for rupture-simmonds test

imaging-USS, MRI

34
Q

what is Simmonds test

A

squeeze calf and see fit eh foot moves

if not then there is a full rupture

35
Q

what is the management for Achille tendonitis

A 
weight loss
physioterhapy
shockwave 
immobilisation
operative- gastrocnemius recession
36
Q

describe plantar fasciitis

A

chronic degenerative change
dysfunctional blood vessels leading to vascularity
appears in althletes

37
Q

what are the clinical signs of plantar fasciitis

A

pain first thing in the morning pain on weight bearing
pain located in plantar fascia
lasting 2 years or more

38
Q

how is plantar fasciitis diagnosed

A

clinical
USS
x ray

39
Q

what is the treatment for plantar fasciitis

A 
rest
ice 
NSAIDS
hell pads
night splinting
40
Q

what are 3rd Lin treatments for plantar fasciitis

A
  1. Extracorporeal Shockwave therapy
    2. Topaz Plasma Coblation
    3. Nitric Oxide
    4. Platelet Rich Plasma
    Endoscopic / Open Surgery
41
Q

describe ankle arthritis

A

age around 46

pain and stiffness s

42
Q

how do you diagnose ankle arthritis

A

clinical CT

43
Q

what is the management of ankle arthritis

A

arhtrodesis

joint replacement

44
Q

describe tibias posterior dysfunction

A

adult flat foot

can be medial or lateral

45
Q

what is the management of tibias posterior dysfunction

A

orthotist

reconstruction of tendon

46
Q

describe a diabetic foot ulcer

A

lack of sweating and poor blood supply leads to an ulcer

47
Q

what is the treatment of a diabetic foot ulcer

A 
prevent smoking
diabetic control
splints 
shoes
sugrerical- improve vascular supply, amputation
48
Q

what is Charcot foot

A

any cause of neuropathy
usually caused by diabetes
weakening of the bones

49
Q

what is the pathology of charcot foot

A

lack of proprioception and pain

abnormal autonomic nervous system

50
Q

what are the 3 stages of bone destruction

A

fragmentation
coalescence
remodelling

51
Q

what is the management of charcot foot

A

immobilisation

correct deformity- leads to ulceration then amputation

Musculoskeletal System (34 decks)

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