Foot Problems Flashcards
what are examples of non-operative management
analgesia show wear modification activity modification physiotherapy orthotics
what are examples of forefoot probelms
hall valgus hallux rigidus lesser toe deformities Mortons neuroma rheumatoid forefoot
describe half valgus
bunions
lateral angulation of the greater toe
what is the cause of hallux valgus
genetic
footwear
female-presents with metatarsalgia
what is the diagnosis of callous halgus
clinical
xray
what is the management of hallux valgus
shoe wear modification
analgeisa
operative- osteotomy of 1st metatarsal
sometimes proximal phalanges
describe hallux rigidus
stiff big toe
oseteoarhtiis of 1st MTP
pain at extreme dorsiflexion
what is the cause of hallux rigidus
genetic
unknown
what is the management of hallux rigidus
activity modification
surgery cheilectomy
1st MTPJ fusion
what are examples of lesser toe deformities
claw toes
hammer toes
mallet toes
what are they caused by
imbalance between flexors and extensors
what is the management of lesser toe deformities
activity modification
operative-flexor to extensor tranfer, osteotomy, shortening of MTPJ joint
what is morons neuroma
inflammation, swelling and numbness on plantar side
what is the cause of Mortons neuroma
degenerative neuropathy
females 40-60
high healed shoes
what are the clinical signs of Mortons neuroma
3rd/2nd inter webbed space
burning in toes
how is Mortons neuroma diagnosed
clinical
MRI
mulders click
what is the management of morons neuroma
injection for small lesions
section of normal nerve
what is metatarsalgia
a symptom not a diagnosis
ball of the foot becomes painful and inflamed
what is rheumatoid forefott
in people with RA
can include hallux valgus
claw toes
what is the management of rheumatoid forefoot
shoewear
activity
1st MTPJ fusion
what are examples of mid foot probelms
ganglia
osteoarthritis
plantar fibrzomatosis
describe a foot ganglia
arise from a joint or tendon sheath capsule
what are the causes of a foot ganglia
underlying arthritis
tendon pathology
what is the treatment of a ganglion
aspiration
bible
describe mid foot arthritis
post traumatic
rheumatoid
what is the treatment for mid foot arthritis
activity
injections
fusion of joints
describe plantar fibromatosis
mass of fibrous tissue which develops on the arch of the foot
progressive
sore when pressure is applied
what is the treatment for plantar firbomatosis
excision
radiotherapy
what are examples of hind foot problems
achilles tendonitis plantar fasciitis ankle osteoarhtirib tibias posterior dysfunction cavavarus foot
describe Achille tendonitis
degenerative/overuse with little inflammation
what can cause achilles tendonitis
insertional tendonipathy
bursitis
steroids
obesity
what are the symptoms of achilles tendonisits
pain during exercise
pain after exercise
difficulty fitting shoes
how do you diagnose Achille tendonitis
clinical-tenderness, test for rupture-simmonds test
imaging-USS, MRI
what is Simmonds test
squeeze calf and see fit eh foot moves
if not then there is a full rupture
what is the management for Achille tendonitis
weight loss physioterhapy shockwave immobilisation operative- gastrocnemius recession
describe plantar fasciitis
chronic degenerative change
dysfunctional blood vessels leading to vascularity
appears in althletes
what are the clinical signs of plantar fasciitis
pain first thing in the morning pain on weight bearing
pain located in plantar fascia
lasting 2 years or more
how is plantar fasciitis diagnosed
clinical
USS
x ray
what is the treatment for plantar fasciitis
rest ice NSAIDS hell pads night splinting
what are 3rd Lin treatments for plantar fasciitis
- Extracorporeal Shockwave therapy
2. Topaz Plasma Coblation
3. Nitric Oxide
4. Platelet Rich Plasma
Endoscopic / Open Surgery
describe ankle arthritis
age around 46
pain and stiffness s
how do you diagnose ankle arthritis
clinical CT
what is the management of ankle arthritis
arhtrodesis
joint replacement
describe tibias posterior dysfunction
adult flat foot
can be medial or lateral
what is the management of tibias posterior dysfunction
orthotist
reconstruction of tendon
describe a diabetic foot ulcer
lack of sweating and poor blood supply leads to an ulcer
what is the treatment of a diabetic foot ulcer
prevent smoking diabetic control splints shoes sugrerical- improve vascular supply, amputation
what is Charcot foot
any cause of neuropathy
usually caused by diabetes
weakening of the bones
what is the pathology of charcot foot
lack of proprioception and pain
abnormal autonomic nervous system
what are the 3 stages of bone destruction
fragmentation
coalescence
remodelling
what is the management of charcot foot
immobilisation
correct deformity- leads to ulceration then amputation
