Joints, synovial fluid and cartilage Flashcards
what are the 2 types of joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
what are examples of fibrous joints
periodontal ligament
cranial sutures
interossus membranes
what are the two types of cartilaginous joints
primary- synchonrosis- hyaline cartilage
secondary- symphysis-hyaline and fibrocaritlage
vertebare
what are the types of synovial joints
plane hinge pivot condyloid saddle ball and socket
explain the function and structure of cartilage
hyaline cartilage- superficial layer, transitional layer, average thickness 2-3mm
what are the 3 As of cartilage
avascular
aneural
alymphatic
what is a glycoprotein
proteins too which oligoasaccaride are attached
what is a proteoglcycan
proteins that are heavily glycosated have a protein core
what is a glycoaminoglycans
long unbranched polysaccharids which are highly polar
what are the main constituents of synovial fluid
it is produced by the synovial membrane
synoviocytes produce the fluid, has a rich capillary network
what are the different types of synoviocytes
type a- look like macrophages, remove debris
type b- fibroblast like, main producer of synovial fluid
what are the 3 functions fo synovial fluid
nutrition of cartilage
removal of waste products
lubrication
how does synovial fluid help with lubrication
boundary
hydrodynamic aqauplaning
weeping- fluid that is present in the cartilage is squeezed out into the synovial cavity
what is the point in bursae
on synovial membrane
fluid filled
reduce friction
what effect does ageing have
viscosity of synovial fluid increases, leads to slower joint movement
water content is less
less protection- leads to osetoarthiris
