Orthopaedic Hip Conditions

Question 1

what is the pelvis made up of

Answer 1

hemipelvis is made of ischium, ileum and pubis with acetabulum to make the socket

Question 2

describe the head of the femur

Answer 2

head articulates with the acetabulum
greater trochanter
less trochanter is attachment for Osoas
primary blood supply enters the capsule

Question 3

describe the acetabulum

Answer 3

part of the pevlis
cup shaped socket
labrum provides fibrocartilage which depends the socket and adds stability

Question 4

what is an intracapsular fracture

Answer 4

blood supply is disrupted

Question 5

what is an extra capsular fracture

Answer 5

blood supply is maintained

Question 6

describe osteoarthritis of the hip

Answer 6

degenerative change of synovial joints leading to progressive loss of articular cartilage
pain and stiffness of joint

Question 7

describe trochanteric bursitis

Answer 7

inflammation and swelling of the bursa around the hip which are sanwhcihed between hip abductors

Question 8

what is trochanteric bursitis caused by

Answer 8

trauma
overuse-runners
abnormal movements 
osteoarthritis
previous hip surgery

Question 9

what is the clinical presentation of trochanteric bursitis

Answer 9

pain on lateral hip
LOOK-wasting
FEEL-tenderness on great tuberosity
MOVE- pain on abduction

Question 10

what investigations would you do for trochanteric bursitis

Answer 10

x ray
MRI
USS

Question 11

what is the treatment of trochanteric bursitis

Answer 11

NSAIDS
physiotherapy
injection with corticosteroids
surgery-bursectomy

Question 12

what is avascular necrosis

Answer 12

death of the bone by loss of blood supply

Question 13

what is the epidemiology of avascular necrosis

Answer 13

More common in males

mostly bilateral

Question 14

what are the causes of avasucalr necrosis

Answer 14

irridation
fracture-intracapsular
dislocation
systemic-steroids,lymphoma leukeamia

Question 15

what is the idiopathic cause of avascular necrosis

Answer 15

intravasaulr coagulation leading to venous thrombosis , reduction of blood flow to femoral head- cell death

Question 16

what are the clinical features of avascular necrosis

Answer 16

indisous onset of groin pain
pain with stairs
limp
reduced motion

Question 17

what is the treatment for avascular necrosis

Answer 17

reduce weight
NSAIDS
anticoagulants
physiotherapy 
surgical- restore blood supply by vascular graft
total hip replacement

Question 18

what is femooroacetabular impingement FIA

Answer 18

common cause of pain in younger patients , secodary arthritis
physical impingement of femoral beck against anterior edge of acetabulum so cannot move easily

Question 19

what is a CAM lesion

Answer 19

especially in young males
excess bone leading to decreased head to neck ratio
aspherical head

Question 20

what is pincer

Answer 20

more common in females

abnormal acetabulum leading to the rim overhanging

Question 21

what are associated injured with FAI

Answer 21

labrla tears

secondary arthritis

Question 22

what does FAI present as

Answer 22

groin pain
block to movements
sore when lunging, squatting
reduced flexion and internal rotation

Question 23

what is the treatment for FAI

Answer 23

NSAIDS
physiotherapy-strength muscles
surgery=athroscopy, shave down the defect
open surgery-resection

Question 24

what is a labral tear

Answer 24

common in females

mostly anterior superior tear

Question 25

what are the causes of labral tear

Answer 25

FAI
arthritis
dysplastic hip

Question 26

what is the clinical presentation of a labral tear

Answer 26

groin and hip pain

snapping or jamming

Question 27

how do you investigate a labral tear

Answer 27

x ray
MRI
diagnostic injection-contract with flow into the gap

Question 28

what is the treatment for a labral tear

Answer 28

NSAIDS
physiotherapy
injection of steroids
surgery-arthroscopy, repair