Orthopaedic Hip Conditions Flashcards
what is the pelvis made up of
hemipelvis is made of ischium, ileum and pubis with acetabulum to make the socket
describe the head of the femur
head articulates with the acetabulum
greater trochanter
less trochanter is attachment for Osoas
primary blood supply enters the capsule
describe the acetabulum
part of the pevlis
cup shaped socket
labrum provides fibrocartilage which depends the socket and adds stability
what is an intracapsular fracture
blood supply is disrupted
what is an extra capsular fracture
blood supply is maintained
describe osteoarthritis of the hip
degenerative change of synovial joints leading to progressive loss of articular cartilage
pain and stiffness of joint
describe trochanteric bursitis
inflammation and swelling of the bursa around the hip which are sanwhcihed between hip abductors
what is trochanteric bursitis caused by
trauma overuse-runners abnormal movements osteoarthritis previous hip surgery
what is the clinical presentation of trochanteric bursitis
pain on lateral hip
LOOK-wasting
FEEL-tenderness on great tuberosity
MOVE- pain on abduction
what investigations would you do for trochanteric bursitis
x ray
MRI
USS
what is the treatment of trochanteric bursitis
NSAIDS
physiotherapy
injection with corticosteroids
surgery-bursectomy
what is avascular necrosis
death of the bone by loss of blood supply
what is the epidemiology of avascular necrosis
More common in males
mostly bilateral
what are the causes of avasucalr necrosis
irridation
fracture-intracapsular
dislocation
systemic-steroids,lymphoma leukeamia
what is the idiopathic cause of avascular necrosis
intravasaulr coagulation leading to venous thrombosis , reduction of blood flow to femoral head- cell death
what are the clinical features of avascular necrosis
indisous onset of groin pain
pain with stairs
limp
reduced motion
what is the treatment for avascular necrosis
reduce weight NSAIDS anticoagulants physiotherapy surgical- restore blood supply by vascular graft total hip replacement
what is femooroacetabular impingement FIA
common cause of pain in younger patients , secodary arthritis
physical impingement of femoral beck against anterior edge of acetabulum so cannot move easily
what is a CAM lesion
especially in young males
excess bone leading to decreased head to neck ratio
aspherical head
what is pincer
more common in females
abnormal acetabulum leading to the rim overhanging
what are associated injured with FAI
labrla tears
secondary arthritis
what does FAI present as
groin pain
block to movements
sore when lunging, squatting
reduced flexion and internal rotation
what is the treatment for FAI
NSAIDS
physiotherapy-strength muscles
surgery=athroscopy, shave down the defect
open surgery-resection
what is a labral tear
common in females
mostly anterior superior tear
what are the causes of labral tear
FAI
arthritis
dysplastic hip
what is the clinical presentation of a labral tear
groin and hip pain
snapping or jamming
how do you investigate a labral tear
x ray
MRI
diagnostic injection-contract with flow into the gap
what is the treatment for a labral tear
NSAIDS
physiotherapy
injection of steroids
surgery-arthroscopy, repair
