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Neuro > spinal cord and tracts > Flashcards

spinal cord and tracts Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the spinal cord

A
  • highway for information flow between the body and brain - contains neurons involved in local reflex arcs
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2
Q

the spinal cord structure is essentially the ______ along the entire length

A

same

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3
Q

connective tissue layers

A

meninges

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4
Q

cross section of spinal cord is the size of

A

a nickel or dime

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5
Q

anterior is called

A

ventral

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6
Q

posterior is called

A

dorsal

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7
Q

the thoracic spinal segment gray matter has a characteristic

A

lateral form

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8
Q

ventral spinal cord function

A

motor/efferent

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9
Q

dorsal spinal cord function

A

sensory.afferent

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10
Q

cell bodies of motor/efferent neurons are in _____ and the axons travel in the _____

A
  • spinal cord gray matter
  • nerve
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11
Q

cell bodies of sensory/afferent neurons are in ____ and whose axons ________

A

dorsal root ganglion enter the spinal cord dorsally

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12
Q

axons that cross the midline

A

commissures

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13
Q

dorsal horn of butterfly

A

sensory functions

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14
Q

ventral form of butterfly

A

motor functions

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15
Q

What region of the spinal cord

A

cervical

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16
Q

what region of the spinal cord?

A

thoracic

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17
Q

what region of spinal cord is this?

A

lumbar

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18
Q

what region of spinal cord?

A

saccral

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19
Q

in the ventral horn, Neurons innervating _____ muscles are medial

A

proximal

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20
Q

in the ventral horn, Neurons innervating _____ muscles are lateral

A

distal

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21
Q

The T1-L2 and S2-4 levels of the spinal cord have an additional enlargement in the ventral (motor) horn : _____ aka _____

A

lateral horn

intermediolateral column

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22
Q

This is the location of the preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons of the ANS.

A

the lateral horn/intermediolateral column

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23
Q

Axons with similar functions (and destinations) group together into ________. Although these exist, we cannot see most individual tracts within the white matter.

A

tracts / fasiculus / columns.

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24
Q

Motor tracts arise in the frontal lobe’s ______ aka _____

A

Precentral gyrus

Primary motor cortex

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25
Q

purpose of the primary motor cortex

A

Voluntary control over skeletal muscle movement

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26
Q

Somatosensory tracts end in the parietal lobe’s ________ aka _______

A

Postcentral gyrus

Primary somatosensory cortex

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27
Q

purpose of primary somatosensory complex

A

Conscious perception of somatosensory input

28
Q

Location of FIRST neuron in the cerebral cortex to receive sensory information for a given modality from lower CNS region

A

Primary sensory cortex

29
Q

Location of LAST neuron in the cerebral cortex before information descends to lower levels of the CNS.

A

primary motor cortex

30
Q

The cerebral cortex deals with the ____body/world. Therefore tracts will ____

A

contralateral

cross

31
Q

ascending/sensory tracts

A

spinal thalamic tract (STT)

dorsal column medial lemniscus (DCML)

32
Q

sensory modalities of spinothalamic tract

A

pain, temperature, crude touch, tickle, itch

33
Q

how many neurons make up the chain of sensory/ascending pathways?

A

3 neuron chain

34
Q

decussation of spinothalamic tract

A

level of entry

35
Q

information is brought to the cerebral cortex of the ________

A

post central gyrus

36
Q

ascending/sensory tracts neuron 1

A

centrally projecting axon that entrers the spinal cord from its dermatome

37
Q

neuron 2 always _____ but the cell body is located in different areas depending on sensory modality

A

decussates

38
Q

in the ascending/sensory tract, neuron 3 cell body is in the _____ and the axon travels in ________

A

thalamus

posterior limb of internal capsule

39
Q

in the spinothalamic tract, the nerves run in this area of the white matter

A

anterolateral system

40
Q

sensory input in the dorsal column medial lemniscus

A

fine touch, vibration, proprioception - comes from meissners corpuscles, stretch receptors, etc

41
Q

decussation in the dorsal column medial lemniscus tract

A

at medulla

42
Q

Where do axons carrying information on PAIN from the LEFT toe terminate in the primary somatosensory cortex

A

RIGHT postcentral gyrus toward the longitudinal fissure

43
Q

Where do axons carrying information on FINE TOUCH from the LEFT toe terminate in the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

RIGHT postcentral gyrus toward the longitudinal fissure

44
Q

desending motor tract is called the

A

corticospinal tract

45
Q

the corticospinal tract is a ___ neuron chain

A

2

46
Q

in the corticospinal tract, neuron 1 is in the ________ also called the ______

A

precentral gyrus

upper motor neuron

47
Q

the upper motorn neuron travels in the _________

A

posterior limb internal capsule

48
Q

90% of the neurons in the corticospinal tract decussate in the ________ of the ________

A

decussate in the medulla (Pyramids) of the Lateral corticospinal tract

49
Q

in the corticospinal tract, neuron 2 is in the ___________

A

spinal cord ventral horn

50
Q

neuron 2 in the corticospinal tract is also called the _______

A

lower motor neuron

51
Q

the lower motor neuron exits into _______ and innervates _____ of limbs

A

spinal nerves

skeletal muscle

52
Q

descending sympathetic informatoin to lateral horn and then to the face is called the

A

hypothalamospinal descending motor tract

53
Q

hyothalamospinal tract neurons arise in the ______ and travel caudally to synapse on the pregnaglionic neuron in the ________

A

hypothalamus

thoracic spinal cord lateral horn

54
Q

in facial innervation, the axon jumps onto the _________ and travels to facial structures (pupil, eye lid, sweat glands, skin vessels)

A

internal carotid artery

55
Q

hypothalamospinal tract and facial innervation decussation

A

no decussation!

56
Q

lesion in sympathetic pathway causes _______

A

horners syndrome

57
Q

constriction of pupils

A

miosis

58
Q

ptosis

A

droopy eyelids - loss of sup. tarsal muscle

59
Q

anhydrosis

A

lack of sweating

60
Q

Horners syhdrome is characterized by

A

miosis, ptosis, anhydrosis, flushing (vasodilation)

61
Q

spinal cord aterial blood supply - arises in ______ portion of brain

A

posterior

62
Q

___ arteries send branches into the interior of the spinal cord. Name them

A

3

posterior spinal arteries (2)

anterior spinal artery (1)

63
Q

each posterior spinal artery supplies unilateral _____ area dorsal column

A

sensory

64
Q

anterior spinal artery supplies ___ and ___ areas bilaterally

A

motor and sensory

65
Q

lower leg axons run through this area in ascending/sensory tract

A

fasiculus gracilus in the posterior column

Neuro (27 decks)

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