Diencephalon Flashcards
location of diencephalon
between cerebrum and brainstem, ventral to the lateral ventricles, encloses the 3rd ventricle
divisions of the diencephalon
- epithalamus
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- subthalamus
epithalamus
pineal gland - circadian rhythms
thalamus subnuclei functions
- sensory information processing
- motor output integration and modulation
hypothalamus functions
- autonomic functions
- endoctrine functions
- limbic functions
- motivated behaviors
Integrates and relays sensory & motor information to/from the cortex
thalamus
key thalamic nuclei
- VA = ventral anterior nucleus
- VL = ventral lateral nucleus
- VPL = ventral posterolateral nucleus
- VPM = ventral posteromedial nucleus
- LGN = lateral geniculate nucleus
- MGN = medial geniculate nucleus
VA ventral anterior nucleus
sends info to the premotor cortex to activate the motor system
“Vacates ants” to activate motor
VL ventral lateral nucleus
sends information to activate M1 for motor processing
“vodka lateral” - walk lateral
VPL ventral posterolateral nucleus
S1 bodily somatosensation
- vibration, pain, pressure, proprioception, light touch temperature
VPPPL
VPM ventral posteromedial nucleus
S1: facial somatosensation, face sensation and taste
“post malone” has FACial tattoos which are disTASTEful
LGN lateral geniculate nucleus
V1 vision (optic nerve)
“long gone in the night because there is no light” or VL lateral for light
MGN medial geniculate nucleus
A1 hearing
- superior olives and midbrain to auditory
can remember MGN or medial for music, or MGM for music production
hypothalamus functions
- ANS
- endocrine
- limbic system
- motivated behaviors
lateral nucleus and ventromedial nucleus
- feeding and satiety
- lesion = Lateral lesion makes you “Lean”
- venteromedial =
- lesion VM for VERY MASSIVE
ventromedial nucleus is stimulated by ___ and inhibited by ___
- leptin
- grehlin
lateral nucleus is stimulated by ___ and inhibited by ____
- grehlin
- leptin
anterior nucleus
cooling and parasympathetic ANS
posterior nucleus
heating and sympathetic ANS
anterior and posterior nucleus
- Anterior is cooling like A/Clesion means hypothermia
suprachiasmatic nucleus
circadian rhythms
“supercalifragilisticexpialidocious” is a rhythmic song, Mary Poppins works day or night
preoptic nucleus functions
thermoregulation, sexual behaviors, releases GnRH
lesion of preoptic nucleus
Kallmann syndrome; anosmia (absence of puberty)
anterior nucleus lesion results in
hyperthermia
posterior lesion results in
hypothermia
paraventricular nucleus
- synthesizes ADH and oxytocin - releases via posterior pituitary
- provides ANS connections to brainstem and spinal cord
supraoptic nucleus
synthesizes ADH and oxytocin
paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus rhyme
PARAsail over open WATER (ADH) because you LOVE (oxytocin) it
separates thalamus and caudate nucleus medially from the putamen and globus pallidus laterally
internal capsule
the internal capsule is a ____ pathway to the cortex
reciprocal
descending hypothalamic input to preganglionic sympathetic neurons of the SC
hypothalamospinal tract
Horners syndrome is related to this tract
hypothalamospinal
all sensory pathways synapse in the ____ except for ______
thalamus EXCEPT for olfaction
processes specific sensory and motor information
thalamus
processes specific functions relating to ANS, limbic, and endocrine functions, and motivational behaviors
hypothalamus
