Spinal Cord and Motor Control

Question 1

three components of muscle physiology

Answer 1

1. structure and cell biology
2. classifications
3. mechanisms

Question 2

general spinal cord signal movement

Answer 2

sensory receptor -(sensory neurons)-> spinal cord —> interneuron -(motor neuron)-> spinal cord —> skeletal muscles

Question 3

where does the brain innervate on signals in the SC (spinal cord)?

Answer 3

interneurons

Question 4

monosynaptic

Answer 4

only two neurons
- cannot be infringed on by the brain

Question 5

polysynaptic

Answer 5

more than two neurons
- can be infringed on by the brain

Question 6

grey matter

Answer 6

responsible for reflexes

Question 7

two primary functions of the spinal cord

Answer 7

1. white matter: transmission of information from brain to body
2. grey matter: integrating reflex activity between afferent input and efferent output

Question 8

ascending white matter

Answer 8

takes info from the spinal cord to the brain

Question 9

descending white matter

Answer 9

take info from the brain to the spinal cord

Question 10

organs are called…

Answer 10

whole muscle

Question 11

muscles cells are called…

Answer 11

fibers

Question 12

intracellular structures are called…

Answer 12

myofibrils

Question 13

cytoskeletal elements are called…

Answer 13

thick and thin filaments

Question 14

thick filament

Answer 14

myosin

Question 15

thin filament

Answer 15

actin

Question 16

what is the smallest unit of muscles?

Answer 16

sarcomere

Question 17

H band

Answer 17

space between two actin scaffolds

Question 18

I band

Answer 18

light band, space between two myosin molecules

Question 19

M line

Answer 19

hold myosin in place

Question 20

A band

Answer 20

dark band, myosin molecules

Question 21

Z line

Answer 21

scaffold that holds actin

Question 22

What remains unchanged in a sarcomere during contraction?

Answer 22

A band
M line

Question 23

What shortens in a sarcomere during a contraction?

Answer 23

H band
Z line
I band
whole sarcomere

Question 24

actin

Answer 24

• in all cells, but 80% of the volume of muscle cells
• double stranded
• globular protein