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Human Physiology > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

endocrinology

A

study of homeostatic chemical adjustments and other activities that hormones accomplish

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2
Q

hydrophilic hormones

A

peptide hormones, catecholamines, and indoleamines

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3
Q

lipophilic hormones

A

steroid hormones, thyroid hormones

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4
Q

peptide hormones

A

most abundant, chains of amino acids of varying length

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5
Q

catecholamines

A

produced by the adrenal medulla, are derived from the amino acid tyrosine

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6
Q

indoleamines

A

produced by the pineal gland, are derived from the amino acid trytophan

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7
Q

steroid hormones

A

produced by the adrenal cortex and reproductive endocrine glands, neutral lipids derived from cholesterol

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8
Q

thyroid hormones

A

produced by the thyroid gland, an iodinated tyrosine derivative

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9
Q

hydrophilic hormones primary act through what type of mechanism?

A

second-messenger systems

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10
Q

lipophilic hormones primarily act through what type of mechanism?

A

activate genes on binding with receptors inside the cell

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11
Q

where are hydrophilic proteins usually found?

A

circulate in blood largely dissolved in plasma

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12
Q

GH

A

growth hormone, stomatotrophin

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13
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotropin

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14
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenocorticotrophin

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15
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

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16
Q

LH

A

lutenizing hormone

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17
Q

PRL

A

prolactin

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18
Q

MSH

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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19
Q

what are the major functions of ADH?

A
  1. via cAMP, it increases aquaporins in the distal convoluted tubule
  2. causes vasoconstriction in the smooth muscles throughout the body
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20
Q

what are the major functions of OXY?

A

oxytocin
1. uterine contractions
2. ejection of milk from the mammary glands
3. synthetic pitocin drip can induce labor

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21
Q

what are the major functions of GH?

A
  1. fetal growth, cild, puberty
  2. bone development, soft tissue development
  3. IGF I and III (idk what this is)
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22
Q

what are the major functions of ACTH?

A
  1. growth of the adrenal cortex
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23
Q

what are the major functions of FSH?

A
  1. ovarian follicles in women
  2. increased estrogen production
  3. sperm production in males
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24
Q

what are the major functions of LH?

A
  1. ovulation in women
  2. increased estrogen and progesterone in women
  3. increased testosterone from interstitial cells (ICSH)
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25
Q

what are the major functions of PRL?

A
  1. breast development in women
  2. milk production in women
  3. receptors for LH in the testes
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26
Q

major functions of MSH?

A
  1. melanin dispearson
  2. learning and memory
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27
Q

hormones released by the posterior pituitary (2)

A

ADH, oxytocin (OXY)

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28
Q

hormones released by the anterior pituitary (7)

A

GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, PRL, MSH

29
Q

which pathway does ADH use for delivery?

A

cAMP

30
Q

which pathway does OXY use for delivery?

A

IP3

31
Q

which pathway does GH use for delivery?

A

IP3

32
Q

which pathway does ACTH use for delivery?

A

cAMP

33
Q

which pathway does FSH use for delivery?

A

cAMP

34
Q

what pathway does LH use for delivery?

A

cAMP

35
Q

which pathway does TSH use for delivery?

A

cAMP

36
Q

which pathway does MSH use for delivery?

A

cAMP

37
Q

hormone 1

A

releasing or inhibiting hormone

38
Q

hormone 2

A

one of the 6 hormones of the anterior pituitary

39
Q

hormone 3

A

targets specific endocrine gland for release

40
Q

hormone 2 has a short negative feedback loop to…

A

the hypothalamus

41
Q

hormone 3 has negative long feedback loops to…

A
  1. the anterior pituitary
  2. the hypothalamus
42
Q

the gonadotropins

A

FSH, LH, and maybe PRL (hard to tell on the paper)

43
Q

where does GH act on the body?

A

adipose tissue, bone, muscle

44
Q

where does TSH act on the body?

A

thyroid

45
Q

where does ACTH act on the body?

A

adrenal cortex

46
Q

where do FSH and LH act on the body?

A

gonads

47
Q

where does PRL act on the body?

A

mamary glands

48
Q

where does MSH act on the body?

A

skin cells and the hippocampus

49
Q

where are ADH and OXY produced?

A

the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

50
Q

the hypothalamus has two well defined cell clusters, what are they called?

A
  1. supraoptic nucleus
  2. paraventricular nucleus
51
Q

ADH is also know as….

A

vasopressin

52
Q

infundibulum

A

the connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary glands
- nerve fibers
- bloody vessels

53
Q

what type of gland is the pineal? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

54
Q

what type of gland is the hypothalamus? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

55
Q

what type of gland is the pituitary? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

solely endocrine

56
Q

what type of gland is the thyroid? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

solely endocrine

57
Q

what type of gland is the parathyroid? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

solely endocrine

58
Q

what type of gland is the thymus? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

59
Q

what type of gland is the heart? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

60
Q

what type of gland is the liver? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

61
Q

what type of gland is the stomach? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

62
Q

what type of gland is the adrenal gland? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

solely endocrine

63
Q

what type of gland is the pancreas? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

64
Q

what type of gland is the duodenum? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

65
Q

what type of gland is the kidney? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

66
Q

what type of gland is the adipose tissue? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

67
Q

what type of gland is the skin? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

68
Q

what type of gland is the ovaries? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

69
Q

what type of gland is the placenta? mixed or solely endocrine?

A

mixed

Human Physiology (11 decks)

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