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Neurology > Spinal Cord Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

3 CT coverings of meninges

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
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1
Q

What protects the SC

A
  1. Bony vertbral column
  2. Meninges
  3. Space with CSF
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2
Q

Space outside dura mater

A

epidural space

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3
Q

Space b/w Dura mater and Arachnoid mater

A

Subdural space

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4
Q

Space b/w Arachnoid mater and Pia mater

A

Subarachnoid space

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5
Q

Which CT layer around meninges is made of deicate collagen and elastic fibres

A

Arachnoid mater

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6
Q

Which CT layer around meninges adheres to surface of SC and brain

A

Pia mater

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7
Q

What extends from the Pia mater to suspend the SC and protect against displacement

A

Denticulate ligaments

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8
Q

Spinal Cord shape

A

Oval
Flattened ant and post

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9
Q

SC length in adults/newborns

A
  • Medulla oblongata to L2
  • Newborns to L3 or L4
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10
Q

Cervical enlargement location

A
  • C4-T1
  • To and from arms
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11
Q

Lumbar enlargement locaiton

A
  • T9-T12
  • To and from legs
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12
Q

End of the SC

A

Conus medullaris

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13
Q
  • Extension of Pia mater
  • Runs from conus medullaris to coccyx
A

Filum Terminale

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14
Q
  • Spinal nerve roots at the end of the SC
  • Fan out like a horses tail
A

Cauda Equina

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15
Q

What is a spinal tap

A

Extraction CSF for analysis

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16
Q

How is patient positioned for spinal tap

A

Lies on side, in flexed position

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17
Q

Which landmark is used for spinal tap

A

Supracristal line

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18
Q

Where is a spinal tap usually performed

A
  • L3-L4
  • L4-L5
19
Q

Needle inserted into where during Spinal tap

A

Subarachnoid space

20
Q

Properties of white matter

A

Bundles of myelinated axons

21
Q

Properties of Grey Matter

A
  • Dentrites and cell bodies of neurons
  • Unmyelinated axons
22
Q

Subdivisions of grey matter on each side of the SC

23
Q

Posterior Grey horns contain? (2)

A
  • Incoming sensory axons
  • Cell bodies of interneurons
24
Q

Anterior Grey Horns contain?

A

Somatic motor nuclei

25
Q

Lateral Grey horns are only present where?

A

Thoracic and Lumbar spine

26
Q

Lateral Grey Horns contain?

A

Autonomic motor cell bodies

27
Q

What are tracts

A

Bundles of axons in the CNS

28
Q

What are nerves

A

Bundles of axons in the PNS

29
Q

What are nuclei

A

Clusters of cell bodies in CNS

30
Q

What are ganglion

A

Clusters of cell bodies in PNS

31
Q

Spinal nerve coverings from superficial to deep

A
  • Epineurium
  • Perineurium
  • Endoneurium
32
Q

Endoneurium info

A
  • Innermost
  • Wraps individual axon
33
Q

Perineurium info

A
  • Middle layer
  • Wraps fascicles
34
Q

Epineurium

A
  • Outer layer
  • Wraps entire nerve
35
Q

First degree nerve injury

A

Neurapraxia

36
Q

Second degree nerve injury

A

Axonotmesis

37
Q

Third degree nerve injury

A

Neurotmesis

38
Q

Cause of neurapraxia

A

Mild focal compression

39
Q

Cause of Axonotmesis

A

Prolonged, severe compression

40
Q

Cause of Neurotmesis

A

Damaged endoneurium, ex. gunshot, stab wound

41
Q

Neurapraxia break in fibre

A

No break in fibre

42
Q

Type of damage caused in neurapraxia

A

Segmental demyelination

43
Q

Type of damage caused in axonotmesis

A

Wallarian degeneration
(degreneration of axon distal to injury)

44
Q

What functions are lost due to neurapraxia

A

Motor function

45
Q

What functions are lost due to axonotmesis

A

Sensory, motor, autonomic loss

46
Q

What is required medical attention for neurotmesis

A
  • Surgical intervention
  • Difficult to suture

Neurology (12 decks)

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