Pathologies Flashcards
- injury to the superior roots of the brachial plexus
(C5-C6)
-traction injury
-forceful pulling away of head from shoulder
-no sensation over lateral arm
(sensory loss C5 & C6 dermatomes)
Erb-duchenne palsy
-arm is adducted
-medial rotation
-elbow extended
-forearm pronated
-wrist and fingers flexed
Waiter’s tip position
traction injury of lower brachial plexus
Klumpke’s paralysis
poor positioning at birth (breech), or pulled by forceps
-falling from height & grabbing something to break fall
Klumpkes paralysis
miosis:
ptosis:
anhydrosis:
enophthalmos:
Horner’s syndrome
constriction of pupil
miosis:
drooping of eyelid
ptosis:
loss of sweating to face and neck
anhydrosis
recession of eyeball into orbit
enophthalmos
Compression of brachial plexus from structures in the thoracic outlet
TOS
Path of TOS
- B/w ant/mid scalenes
- Below clavicle/under pecminor
Compression between anterior and middle scalene
Anterior Scalene Syndrome
Compression between the clavicle and rib1
Costoclavicular Syndrome
Compression between coracoid process and
pec minor
Pectoralis Minor Syndrome
branches just before supinator
Radial Nerve
it enters supinator and travels down
the lateral radius to the wrist
Radial nerve Posterior motor branch
travels down the posterior forearm
to the hand
Radial nerve Superficial branch
-altered sensation at posterior arm and hand (digits 1,
2, 3 and lateral half of 4)
-wrist drop (can’t extend wrist and fingers)
-if injury is proximal to elbow, both sensory & motor affected,
if injury distal to elbow, only sensory OR motor is affected
Radial Nerve lesion symptoms
Radial nerve lesion at axilla
Crutch palsy
Radial nerve lesion at spiral groove of humerus
Saturday night palsy
Posterior Interosseous Nerve comes off in front
of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
-motor nerve
-get wrist drop
-compression occurs
Posterior Interosseous Syndrome
Radial nerve lesion
compression of the superficial branch of the radial
nerve as it passes under the tendon of brachioradialis
Cheiralgia paresthetica
Radial nerve lesion
thumb in same plane as rest of hand since
there is no opposition (wasting of thenar
eminence)
Ape hand
median nerve lesion
you see when you go to make a fist
only digit 4 & 5 can be flexed
Oath hand
Median nerve lesion
runs from an abnormal spur on the shaft of the
humerus to the medial epicondyle
*Ligament of Struthers
Median nerve lesion
most common entrapment condition in arm
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Median Nerve lesion
travels over the flexor retinaculum between the pisiform
and hook of hamate (Guyon’s canal)
Ulnar nerve lesion
baby finger is hyperextended and
abducted at MCP and flexed at IP
-ring finger is hyperextended at MCP and
flexed at IP
-atrophy of interosseous mm
Ulnar claw hand
Fremonts sign is positive sign of
Ulnar Claw hand
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment
Meralgia paresthetica
The tibial nerve can be compressed at the ankle as it passes
through the tarsal tunnel
- Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
-affects intercostal nerves that travel between the
internal and innermost intercostal muscles
- Intercostal Neuralgia
starts with chicken pox
-varicella zoster virus is the virus that causes chicken pox
in children
Herpes Zoster
