review questions (midterm) Flashcards
Areas of the cerebral cortex
Sensory - receieve sensory info/involved in perception
Motor - control execution of voluntary movements
Association areas - complex integrative functions
Brain stem consists of
pons, medulla, midbrain
Cerebellum location
Posterior to brainstem
Diencephalon consists of
thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
Largest part of brain
Cerebrum
Falx cerebri
separates 2 hemispheres of cerebrum
Cranial meninges layers (superficial to deep)
Dura mater (2 layers periosteal and meningeal)
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Falx cerebelli
separates two cerebellum sides
Tentorium cerebelli
Separates cerebrum/cerebellum
BBB made up of
tight junctions that seal endothelial cells
Ventricles filled with CSF
Lateral - in each cerebral hemisphere
Third - superior to hypothalamus
Fourth - b/w brainstem and cerebellum
Longitudinal fissure
splits cerebrum into L/R
Thalamus main functions
Process/relay sensory and motor signals
Hypothalamus main functions
maintains body internal balance
How long can brain go without bloodflow until impairment
1-2 min
3 Ways CSF contributes to homeostasis
Mechanical protection
Circulation
Homeostatic function/chemical protection
5 functions of hypothalamus
1 control of ans
- prod of hormones
- regulation of eating/drinking
- control body temp
- regulation of circadian rhythms
Why internal capsule isn’t commissural tract
Internal capsule is thick band of white matter containing ascending and descending tracts
Commissural tracts conduct from one cerebral hemisphere to the other (more laterally), therefore it is a projection tract which conducts down to lower parts of CNS
What is an example of a commissural tract
Corpus Callosum (separating the cerebral hemispheres)
Two centers in the medulla oblongata
Cardiovascular center - heart rate/force of heart beat
Medullary rhythmicity center - rhythm of breathing
Bulges of white matter in the medulla
Pyramids which are large corticospinal tracts, controlling voluntary movement of the limbs
Decussation of pyramids is where they cross, thus R controls L and L controls R
Sites at the pons
apneustic and pneumotaxic areas - help control breathing
Pons function
Bridge connecting parts of the brain twith each other, provided by bundles of axons
Midbrain parts? What do they do?
Tectum with superior and inferior colliculi.
Superior is for head and trunk response to visual stimuli
Inferior is for head and neck response to auditory stimuli, by reflexes such as the startle reflex
Reticular formation main responsibility
Consciousness and awakening from sleep
Sensory axons are sent from here to the cerebral cortex
Part of brain that controls the ANS and produces glands for endocrine function?
Hypothalamus
What does basal ganglion do?
Uses groups of nuclei to control large autonomic movements and regulate mm tone for specific movements
Limbic system
Emotional brain, involved in olfaction and memory
Where are the sensory, motor, and association areas found?
Cerebrum
What is the sensory relay area?
Thalamus
Circumventricular organs main points?
Lack a BBB - coordinate homeostatic activites of endocrine and nervous system
Cerebellum
Regulates posture and balance/equilibrium
Pineal gland
Secretes melatonin
Ability to read, write, speak, calculate, etc…
Cerebrum – all sone through sensory motor areas
Ventral posterior nucleus does what?
Found in thalamus - relays impulses for somatic touch such as tickle, pain, temperature
Lateral geniculate nucleus?
In thalamus - relays visual impulses for sight from retina to primary visual area
Medial geniculate nucleus?
In thalamus - relays auditory impulses for hearing from hear to primary auditory area
