cerebellum Flashcards
Main parts of the cerebellum
- Transverse fissure
- tentorium cerebelli
- vermis
- cerebellar hemisphere
- Anterior lobe
- posterior lobe
- flocculonodular lobe
- cerebellar cortex
- folia
- arbor vitae
- cerebellar peduncles (superior, middle, inferior)
Main parts of the Thalamus
- Intermediate mass
- Internal medullary lamina
- Internal capsule
Main nuclei of thalamus
- Ventral group -
A. Ventral posterior nucleus
B. lateral genticulate nucleus
C. medial genticulate nucleus
Main regions of the hypothalamus
- Mammillary region
- Tuberal Region
- Supraoptic Region
- Preoptic Region
Main parts of the Epithalamus
- Pineal Gland
- Melatonin release
- Habenular Nuclei
Main parts of the cerebral cortex
- gyri/convolutions
- fissures
- sulci
- longitudinal fissure
- Cerebral hemispheres
- Corpus Callosum
7.
Lobes of the cerebrum
- Frontal and Parietal lobe separated by central sulcus
- Frontal and Temporal lobe separated by lateral cerebral sulcus
- Parietal and Occipital separated by parieto-occipital sulcus
Precentral Gyrus contains
Primary motor area of cerebral cortex
Postcentral Gyrus contains
Primary Somatosensory area
3 types of cerebral white matter
- Association tracts
- Commissural tracts
- Projection tracts
Main parts of basal ganglia
- Globus pallidus
- Putamen
- lentiform nucleus
- Caudate nucleus
- Corpus Striatum
Main parts of the limbic system
- Limbic lobe
- Dentate Gyrus
- Amygdala
- Septal Nuclei
- Mammillary bodies
Vermis:
Central constricted part (worm) of cerebellum
Cerebellar hemispheres
Wings of the butterfly of cerebellum
Cerebellar cortex/folia
Superficial layer of cortex consisting of grey matter in in series of folia
Arbor vitae
Deep to folia, tracts of white matter
Cerebella peduncles
-attach the cerebellum to the brain stem
-bundles of white matter
Superior and Middle cerebellar peduncles info
Superior – cerebellum to red nuclei (midbrain) +
thalamus
Middle – largest
- axons carry impulses for voluntary mvts
from pontine nucleus to cerebellum
Primary function of cerebellum
-primary function of cerebellum is to evaluate how well movements initiated by the cerebrum are actually carried out
-if not carried out correctly, the cerebellum detects
the discrepancy and sends feedback signals to the
cerebral cortex
-the feedback signals help correct the errors,
smooth the movements and coordinate complex
sequences of skeletal muscle contractions
Ataxia (damage to cerebellum)
loss of ability to coordinate muscle mvts
Diencephalon main parts
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Thalamus main function
relays almost all sensory input to cerebral cortex
-contributes to motor functions by transmitting
information from cerebellum and basal nuclei to primary motor area of cerebral cortex
-also relays nerve impulses between different
areas of the cerebrum and plays a role in the
maintenance of consciousness
Intermediate mass
-bridge of grey matter
-joins the right and left thalamus
-found in 70% of brains
Internal medullary lamina
-divides the grey matter of each thalamus
-myelinated axons that enter and leave the various
thalamic nuclei
(y-shaped)
Internal capsule
thick band of white matter, lateral to the thalamus
Ventral posterior nucleus
relays impulses for somatic
sensations like touch, pressure, vibration, itch,
tickle, temperature, pain and proprioception
from face and body to cerebral cortex
Lateral geniculate nucleus
relays visual impulses for
sight from the retina to the primary visual area of the cerebral cortex
Medial geniculate nucleus
relays auditory impulses for hearing from the ear to the primary auditory area of the cerebral cortex
Important functions of hypothalamus
-control of ANS
-production of hormones
-regulates emotional and behavioural patterns
-regulates eating and drinking
-control of body temperature
-regulates circadian rhythm
4 regions of the hypothalamus
- Mammillary
- Tuberal
- Supraoptic
- Preoptic
Mammillary region
-adjacent to midbrain
-most posterior part
-mammillary bodies (for memories)
-posterior hypothalamic nuclei
Tuberal region
-widest part of hypothalamus
-dorsomedial nucleus
-ventromedial nucleus
-arcuate nucleus
-infundibulum (connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus)
-medial eminence
Supraoptic region
-in front of optic chiasm
-paraventricular nucleus
-supraoptic nucleus
-anterior hypothalamus
-suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian rhythym)
Preoptic region
-regulates certain autonomic activities
-contains medial and lateral preoptic nuclei
Pineal gland
- Part of endocrine system because it secretes melatonin
Habencular nuclei involved in?
- olfaction, especially emotional responses to odors
Circumventricular Organs (CVOs) function
coordinate homeostatic activities of endocrine and nervous system
Why are CVO’s thought to be where HIV enters brain?
- -CVOs lack a blood-brain barrier (BBB) which
allows them to better communicate with the
rest of the body
- -CVOs lack a blood-brain barrier (BBB) which
Cerebrum function
- provides us with the ability to read, write, speak
make calculations, compose music, to remember the past, plan for the future, imagine…
- provides us with the ability to read, write, speak
Cerebral cortex made of?
-region of grey matter that forms the outer rim
-only about 2-4 mm thick
-contains billions of neurons arranged in layers
fissures
- Deepest grooves b/w the folds
Sulci
- shallower grooves b/w folds
Longitudinal fissure
Most prominent feature on cerebrum, separating left and right hemisphere
