Lesson 9 - cortex Flashcards
Three main areas in cerebral cortex
- Sensory
- Motor
- Association
Sensory areas receive what? What are they involved in?
receive sensory information and are involved in perception
Motor areas
control the execution of voluntary movement
Association areas
deal with more complex integrative functions
i.e. memory, emotions, reasoning, judgment…
Main parts of the Sensory areas
- Primary Somatosensory area
- Primary Visual Area
- Primary Auditory Area
- Primary Gustatory Area
- Primary Olfactory Area
Primary Somatosensory Area Location
Brodmann’s Areas 1, 2, 3
Postcentral Gyrus of parietal lobe
Primary Somatosensory Area Main information
- receives nerve impulses for touch, pressure,
vibration, itch, tickle, temperature, pain, proprioception - a map of the entire body is present here
sensory homunculus - each point in the area receives impulses from a specific part of the body
- size of the area in the brain depends on the number of receptors in that part of the body (nothing to do with the size of the body part)
Primary Visual Area Location
Area 17
Occipital Lobe
Primary Visual Area Information
- Receives visual information and involved in visual perception
Primary Auditory Area Location
Areas 41 and 42
Temporal Lobe
Primary Auditory Area Information
- receives auditory information and involved in auditory perception
Primary Gustatory Area Location
Area 43
Parietal cortex
Primary Gustatory Area Information
- Receives impulses for taste and involved in
gustatory perception and taste discrimination
Primary Olfactory Area Location
Area 28
Primary Olfactory Area Information
- Receives impulses for smell and involved in
olfactory perception
Main Parts of the Motor Areas
- Primary Motor Area
- Broca’s Speech Area
Primary Motor Area Location
Area 4
- in precentral gyrus
- frontal lobe
Primary Motor Area Information
- map of entire body here motor homunculus
- each region controls voluntary contractions of
specific muscles or groups of muscles - electrical stimulation of any point here causes
contraction of specific skeletal muscle fibers on the opposite side of the body - bigger area for muscles involved in skilled complex or delicate movement
Broca’s Speech Area Location
Which hemisphere m/c in people?
Areas 44 and 45
in 97% of people it’s located in the left hemisphere
Broca’s Speech Area Information
from here, impulses go to premotor areas that control speech muscles and to primary motor areas
Main Parts of Association Areas
- Somatosensory Association Area
- Visual Association Area
- Fascial Recognition Area
- Auditory Association Area
- Orbitofrontal Cortex
- Wernicke’s Area
- Prefrontal Cortex
- Frontal Eye Field Area
Somatosensory Association Area location
Areas 5 and 7
Somatosensory Association Area info
- receives input from primary somatosensory area, thalamus and other areas
- lets you determine the exact shape and texture of an object by feeling it
- also memory of past somatic sensory experiences
Visual Association Area Location
Areas 18 and 19
Occipital Lobe
Visual Association Area Information
- receives input from primary visual area and thalamus
- relates present and past visual experiences
- is essential for recognizing and evaluating what is seen
Facial Recognition Area Location
Areas 20, 21, 37
Temporal Lobe
Facial Recognition Area info
- receives impulses from visual association area
- stores information about faces, allows you to recognize people
- more dominant on right
Auditory Association Area Location
Area 22
Temporal Cortex
Auditory Association Area Information
- lets you recognize a particular sound as speech, music or noise
Orbitofrontal cortex Location
Area 11
Frontal Lobe
Orbitofrontal Cortex Info
- receives sensory impulses from the primary olfactory
area - allows you to identify odors and discriminate among different odors
- more dominant on the right
Wernicke’s Area Location
Areas 22, 39, 40
Temporal and Parietal Lobe
Wernicke’s Area Info
- interprets meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words
- more dominant on left
Prefrontal Cortex Location
Areas 9, 10, 11, 12
Frontal Lobe
Prefrontal Cortex Info
- has numerous connections with other areas of the
cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebellum - personality, intellect, complex learning abilities, recall of information, initiative, judgment, foresight, reasoning, conscience, intuition, mood, planning for
future, development of abstract ideas
Premotor Area Location
Area 6
Premotor Area Information
- communicates with primary motor cortex, sensory association areas, basal nuclei, thalamus
- deals with learned motor activities of a complex and
sequential nature - causes specific groups of muscles to contract in a
specific sequence
Frontal Eye Area Location
Area 8
Frontal Eye Area Info
Voluntary scanning of eyes
Which hemisphere language areas in?
Left cerebral hemisphere
aphasia
Inability to use or comprehend words
nonfluent aphasia
-damage to Broca’s area
-inability to properly articulate or form
words
-know what they want to say but can’t say it
fluent aphasia
-damage to Wernicke’s, common integrative area or auditory association area
-faulty understanding of spoken or written
words
- “word salad” –string of words with no meaning
