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Review Document (Final) Flashcards

1
Q

What meningeal layer sits closest to the brain and spinal cord

A
  • Pia Mater
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2
Q

What branch of the spinal nerve feeds into the plexuses

A
  • Anterior
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3
Q

Where is CSF found

A
  • Subarachnoid space
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4
Q

What structure anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

A

Filum terminale

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5
Q

The falx cerebri lies in the

A

Longitudinal fissure

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6
Q

The perineurium is a continuation of the dura mater

A

False

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7
Q

What is a ganglion

A

A collection of cell bodies in the PNS

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8
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis are supplied by which nerve

A

Median

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9
Q

Injury to the radial nerve produces

A

Wrist drop

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10
Q

Obturator nerve supplies

A

Adductors of the hip

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11
Q

Femoral nerve supplies

A

Flexors of the hip

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12
Q

Erb-Duchenne palsy presents with

A

Waiter’s Tip Position

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13
Q

What are the branches of the Sciatic nerve

A

Tibial & common fibular nerve

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14
Q

What dermatome supplies the middle finger

A

C7

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15
Q

What receptor monitors the tension held in a muscle

A

GTO

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16
Q

The Mesencephalon develops into what structure(s)

A

Aquaduct of the midbrain

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17
Q

What structure creates cerebral spinal fluid

A

Choroid plexus

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18
Q

Where is the decussation of the pyramids

A

Medulla

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19
Q

Where are the nuclei for CN 5

A

Pons

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20
Q

Where is the substantia nigra found

A

Midbrain

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21
Q

What controls Autonomic function

A

Hypothalamus

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22
Q

What structure is responsible for balance and coordination of movement

A

Cerebellum

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23
Q

What nerve supplies the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic

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24
Q

In a stretch reflex arc, the afferent nerve transmits the input from

A

Muscle spindle

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25
Q

What structure forms the falx cerebelli

A

Dura Mater

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26
Q

What structure makes the cerebral spinal fluid

A

Choroid plexus

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27
Q

The blood brain barrier is formed by

A
  1. Thick basement membrane
  2. Astrocytes
  3. Tight junctions
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28
Q

Which of the following structures are found in the diencephalon

A

Third Ventricle, Thalamus, Epithalamus

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29
Q

Effectors of the autonomic nervous system include

A

Cardiac muscle

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30
Q

The part of the nervous system that is considered voluntary is the

A

Somatic nervous system

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31
Q

Afferent nerves conduct nerve impulses from

A

receptors to the central nervous system

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32
Q

Spinal nerves are considered mixed, which means that

A

They contain both afferent and efferent nerves

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33
Q

The part of the nerve that contains only afferent fibres is the

A

Dorsal root

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34
Q

The spinal cord is continuous with the

A

Medulla Oblongata

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35
Q

The cranial nerve that has a dermatome is the

A

Trigeminal

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36
Q

The main relay centre that conducts information between the spinal cord and cerebrum is the

A

Thalamus

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37
Q

The primary visual area and association visual areas of the cerebral cortex
are located in the

A

Occipital lobe

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38
Q

The primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex is located in the

A

Parietal lobe

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39
Q

The primary motor area and higher cognitive function are associated with
the

A

Frontal lobe

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40
Q

Slowing heart rate and stimulating peristalsis in the GI tract are motor
functions of cranial nerve

A

X

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41
Q

The cranial nerve that terminates in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the
thalamus is the

A

Optic nerve

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42
Q

The primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex is located in the

A

Postcentral gyrus

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43
Q

In the autonomic nervous system, all preganglionic neurons release the
neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

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44
Q

Terminal ganglia are where

A
  • Parasympathetic preganglionic fibres synapse with parasympathetic postganglionic fibres
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45
Q

Most autonomic sensory neurons are associated with

A

Interoreceptors

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46
Q

An adrenergic neuron produces the neurotransmitter

A

Norepinephrine

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47
Q

The principal active ingredient in tobacco is nicotine. You might expect
smoking to enhance the effects of

A

Acetylcholine of any postganglionic neuron

48
Q

The lumbar region of the spinal cord is the location of cell bodies of

A

Sympathetic preganglionic fibres

49
Q

The limbic system

A

Is the emotional brain

50
Q

Which of the following are found in the celiac ganglion

A

Cell bodies of symphathetic postganglionic fibres

51
Q

Which of the following are found in the otic ganglion

A

Cell bodies of parasymphathetic postganglionic fibres

52
Q

What structure separates right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

Longitudinal fissure

53
Q

The corpus callosum is an example of a

A

Commissural tract

54
Q

Nearly 80% of the total craniosacral outflow is carried by the vagus nerve

55
Q

Which of the following are sympathetic responses

a. Contraction of circular muscle of the eye
b. Contraction of the radiate muscle of the eye
c. Production of saliva
d. Cessation of sweat production

A

a. Contraction of circular muscle of the eye
b. Contraction of the radiate muscle of the eye (dilates pupils)
c. Production of saliva
d. Cessation of sweat production

56
Q

Cranial nerve I ends in

A

Primary olfactory area

57
Q

The optic chiasm is

A

Located above the pituitary gland

58
Q

Shifting the gaze of your eyes to the left involves cranial nerves

59
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the tongue with temperature sensation

60
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies movement to the jaw

A

Mandibular branch of CN V

61
Q

CN VIII supplies

62
Q

CN IX is the _________________ nerve

A

Glossopharengeal

63
Q

Which ganglion is associated with the prevertebral ganglia of the
parasympathetic nervous system

a. Ciliary
b. Otic
c. Submandibular
d. Superior cervical
e. None of the above

A

a. Ciliary
b. Otic
c. Submandibular
d. Superior cervical
e. None of the above

64
Q

Bell’s Palsy involves which cranial nerve(s)

65
Q

Salivation is a _________________________ response

A

Parasympathetic

66
Q

Dilation of the pupils is a _________________________ response.

A

Sympathetic

67
Q

Bronchodilation is a _________________________ response.

A

Sympathetic

68
Q

Digestion is a _________________________ response

A

Parasympathetic

69
Q

Lacrimation is a _________________________ response

A

Parasympathetic

70
Q

Contraction of the arrector pilli muscles is a _________________________ response

A

Sympathetic

71
Q

Dilation of blood vessels to the liver is a _________________________ response

A

Sympathetic

72
Q

Charcot-Marie Tooth disease involves motor and sensory
changes, usually initially affecting the femoral nerve

73
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a slowly-progressing disorder that
affects motor and sensory nerves as a result of antibody-mediated demylenation

74
Q

Post-polio affects motor nerves and can develop in sites that
were not originally affected by the polio virus

75
Q

The onset of symptoms for Myasthenia Gravis usually start in
the ocular muscles (muscles of the eye).

76
Q

What are the 3 protective structures of the central nervous system?

A
  1. Boney skull & vertebrae
  2. Meninges
  3. CSF
77
Q

What are denticulate ligaments and where are they found

A

Denticulate ligaments are extensions of the Pia Mater that project into the Subarachnoid space

78
Q

Where is the cerebral spinal fluid found?

A

Subarachnoid space

79
Q

In adults, the spinal cord extends from the

A

Medulla to the conus medullaris

80
Q

The cervical enlargement is found in segments __

81
Q

The lumbar enlargement is found in segments __

82
Q

What do we call the tapered structure of the spinal cord around L1/L2

A

Conus Medullaris

83
Q

What is the name of the extension of the pia mater that extends from the end of the spinal cord to the coccyx?

A

Filum Terminale

84
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

85
Q

After L2, the spinal cord continues as the _

A

Cauda Equina

86
Q

What is found in the anterior grey horns

A

Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

87
Q

What is found in the lateral grey horns?

A

Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

88
Q

What is found in the posterior grey horns?

A

Cell bodies and axons of interneurons, axons of sensory neurons

89
Q

What is found in the dorsal root ganglion?

A

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

90
Q

What signals are carried out the ventral root? The dorsal root?

A

Ventral: Motor
Dorsal: Sensory

91
Q

What is a tract?

A

A collection of axons in the CNS

92
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A collection of cell bodies in the PNS

93
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A collection of axons in the PNS

94
Q

What is a nuclei?

A

A collection of cell bodies in the CNS

95
Q

Give 2 examples of a receptor

A

Rods and cones, GTO, muscle spindle

96
Q

Give 2 examples of an effector

A

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands.

97
Q

What is a mixed nerve?

A

Carries both sensory and motor impulses

98
Q

What are the names of the plexuses

A

Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, Sacral, (coccygeal)

99
Q

At what level(s) of the spinal cord do we not have a plexus? Why? What to we
find there instead?

A

Thoracic b/ c we have ribs in the way—Intercostal nerves

100
Q

In which pathology can wrist drop present?

A

Radial nerve palsy

101
Q

In which pathology does oath hand present?

A

Median nerve palsy

102
Q

In which pathology does ape hand present?

A

Ulnar nerve palsy

103
Q

In which pathology does winged scapula present?

A

Injury to long thoracic nerve

104
Q

What 4 areas are common sites for compression of the brachial plexus in
thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Cervical rib, Interscalene triangle, Sub clavicular, Pec min

105
Q

What information is carried by the spinothalamic tract

106
Q

What information is carried by the anterior corticospinal tract

107
Q

What information is carried by the tectospinal tract

108
Q

What information is carried by the posterior column

109
Q

What information is carried by the corticobulbar tract:

110
Q

Is the lateral corticospinal tract a direct or indirect motor pathway

111
Q

Is the vestibulospinal tract a direct or indirect motor pathway?

112
Q

Of the 4 spinal reflexed we learned, which are monosynaptic?

A

Stretch reflex

113
Q

Of the 4 spinal reflexed we learned, which have reciprocal innervation?

A

All of them

114
Q

Of the 4 spinal reflexed we learned, which have a muscle spindle as the
receptor?

A

Stretch reflex

115
Q

Of the 4 spinal reflexed we learned, which are contralateral?

A

Crossed extensor reflex

116
Q

Of the 4 spinal reflexed we learned, which are intersegmental?

A

Flexor withdrawl and crossed extensor reflex

Neurology (29 decks)

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