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Bio 231 -PCC > Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What kind of information carried the the anterior and lateral white columns?

A

Mixed information bother efferent and afferent.

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2
Q

How could repair a botch spinal tap?

A

Make is a blood patch

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3
Q

What is the nomenclature for a tract descending form the brain?

A

End is spinal is descending

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4
Q

How does Tertiary Syphilis work?

A

Progressive degeneration of posterior portions of spinal cord & neurological loss
loss of somatic sensations
proprioceptive impulses fail to reach cerebellum
Damage to descending tracts that affect cerebellum

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5
Q

Filum terminale

A

stabilize spinal column in canal - when not correct can be a whether spinal cord

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6
Q

Dorsal Grey Horn

A

Works with Dorsal rood ganglion send sensory information

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7
Q

How does a stretch reflex work

A

Sensory information about force or speed of force will cause muscle to contract. Protects you form fall down.

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8
Q

Where are the upper motor neurons and what are their functions? What are the symptoms of damage?

A

In cerebral cortex. Inhibits lower motor neurons. Damage to upper motors neuron causes spastic paralysis

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9
Q

Where are the lower motor neurons and where are their functions? What are the symptoms of damage?

A

In the spinal cord, cats muscle contractions. Damage leads to placid paralysis

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10
Q

What is a 2nd order neuron and where does it terminate?

A

2nd order neurons conduct information form brain stem or spinal cord to in the thalamus. They cross over before Thalamus

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11
Q

What is a spinal nerve?

A

A mixed nerve that carries both motor and sensory information. They are formed for the dorsal root (sensory, afferent) and ventral root (motor efferent)

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12
Q

Which is larger the ventral or dorsal Ramus and why?

A

The ventral is much large because is supplies all you front of body with includes fine motor and

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13
Q

What happens to its sensitivity when muscle s spindle is compressed or extended?

A

Compressed decreases sensitivity Extension increases sensitivity. Sensitivity increase can be done by the sympathetic nervous system in preparations for a fight

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14
Q

What do Commisural Fibers do?

A

Connect two hemispheres together

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15
Q

What is a charecteristics and functions of the CSF ( cerebral spinal fluid)

A

It has higher sodium and lower potassium than interstitial fluid. It supports the nervous tissue by buoying the lipid rich myelin. It acts as a shock absorber

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16
Q

Lateral Grey Horn

A

General visceral efferent - cell bodies for autonomic nervous system preganlionic cells of autonomic nervous system

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17
Q

ALS

A

Inability of astorcytes to metabolizes Glutmate kills neurons ing the anterior grey horn

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18
Q

Polio

A

kills neurons in Anterior Grey Horn

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19
Q

Conus medullaris

A

Cone shape end at the end end of the spinal cord

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20
Q

Where is the integration center for the Spinal reflexes?

A

In the grey matter of the spinal column

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21
Q

What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord and what is their purpose?

A

Cervical and Lumbar. They are the point where limbs come in.

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22
Q

Where are the somatic sensory cells locate

A

In the dorsal root gingival

23
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of skin supplied by one nerve, but overlaps with other for redundancy.

24
Q

What is a 3rd order neuron and where does it terminate?

A

Third-order neuron conducts impulses from thalamus to primary somatosensory cortex

25
Q

what do game fibers do

A

Innervate interfussal muscle fibers directly above and below muscle spindle. This help stop the commissions of the muscle spindle.

26
Q

What are the caudal equine?

A

(Horse tail) the dorsal and ventral roots of the lowest spinal nerves

27
Q

What are the rami communicates?

A

The pathway to and from the Sympathetic Ganglion for the sympathetic nervous system. This rami communicates are pre ganglionic and myelinated. Grey rami communicates are post ganglionic un myelinated.

28
Q

How does Withdrawl reflex work

A

Sensory informations trigger a lot of muscle ontratiosn up and down the spinal cord.

29
Q

How can you the number or remember throasic, lumber, and sacral nerves?

A

The match th number of vertabrae, 12, 5,5

30
Q

How may coxygeal nerves are there?

A

1

31
Q

What is the Dura Mater made of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue. Doesn’t have any stretch so that is can maintain a constant pressure.

32
Q

What does the spinal cord do

A

1) Take in sensory information 2) Integration 3) Reaction

33
Q

What is a 1st order neuron and where does it terminate?

A

Conducts impulses to brain stem or spinal cord. Their are either spinal or cranial nerves

34
Q

ALS

A

Inability of asctorcytes to metabolizes Glutmate kills neurons ing the anterior grey horn

35
Q

What type of fluids are in the spinal column and where do you find them?

A

Interstitial Fluid in subdural space (between our mater and arachnoid) Cerebral Spinal fluid in the sub arachnoid space (Between the arachnoid and the pia mater)

36
Q

How does a tendon reflex work?

A

Stops tendon from getting damaged by sending a signal to relax and has antagonist muscle stretch.

37
Q

What doe a type 2 sensory neuron do in a Muscle spindle?

A

Tells if muscle spindle being stretched by anchors points in the muscles spindle

38
Q

What is the central canal lined with?

A

Ependymal cells has CSF. mOves down through central canal and up through sub arachnoid space.

39
Q

How many cervical nerves are there?

A

8

40
Q

How does the Crossed extensor reflex

A

Works contra laterally for balance

41
Q

What is the nomenclature for a tract ascending toward the brain?

A

Begins with Spino

42
Q

What kind of information carried the the Dorsal white column

A

Sensory only

43
Q

What does a spinal block have to applied at the nerve able and below?

A

To block all signal to the dermatomes.

44
Q

What the three layers of the meninges?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid, Pis matter

45
Q

What do Alpha fibers do?

A

Innevate Extrafusal fibers, which is any fiber that does not have a muscle spindle

46
Q

Why do we have Nerve Plexus and where are they found?

A

Found in association with limbs. They are for redundant

47
Q

Spinal segment

A

area of cord from which each pair of spinal nerves arises

48
Q

What is the arachnoid made of?

A

connective tissue with greater elastin can change volume with a decrease in spinal fluid.

49
Q

Anterior Grey horn

A

Cell bodies for general somatic efferent cells (skeletal muscle)

50
Q

What is a babinski sign?

A

Plantar reflexes splay out instead of contract in infants and injured adults.

51
Q

Where are the 5 components of a reflex arc?

A

1) Receptor
2) Sesonry Neuron - carries info in CNS
3) Integration center (can be monosynaptic)
4) Motor Neuron
5) Effector

52
Q

What doe a type 1A sensory neuron do in a Muscle spindle?

A

Wraps around muscle spindle like a spring. Tells how fast the muscle spindle is being stretched

53
Q

How many neurons make up all somatic sensory tracts?

A

3.

Bio 231 -PCC (19 decks)

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