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Bio 231 -PCC > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

Di-sufide bridges perform what function in hair?

A

To strengthen the keratin making it much harder.

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2
Q

What are functions of the Stratum Corneum ?

A

Barrier to light, heat, chemicals, water, and bacteria

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3
Q

Where can you find terminal hair?

A

on the head, axially and pubic area, and facial hair in men

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the shape of the papillae in the dermis?

A

To increase the surface area for better attachment of the epidermis to dermis

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5
Q

What kind of tissue composes the hypodermis?

A

Adipose tissue

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6
Q

Where you you find keratohyalin granules?

A

In the Stratum Granulosum

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7
Q

What cause red/ ruddy skin pigmentation

A

Hermolgobin for Capillaries close to the surface with little melanin hiding it

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8
Q

What is a Hematoma

A

a bruise, turns from black/ purple, to green (from biliverde), to yellow form (bilirubin)

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9
Q

What happens to the stratum spinosum during slide preparation?

A

It shrinks the cells causing them to look spiny and giving rise to the name of this cell layers

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10
Q

How many layers thick is the Spinum Corneum and what is its composition?

A

It is 25-30 layers think made of dead cells filled with keratin and surrounded by lipids

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11
Q

What causes skin color variation?

A

Differences in the production of pigments form the melanocytes, but not actually differences in the melanocytes

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12
Q

What are the cases and symptoms of Psoriasis?

A

Flaky silvery skin cause by abnormal keratin production. Keratin is produce too quickly.

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13
Q

Describe Cyanosis and it cause

A

Skin looks blue from lack or profusion and high CO2 levels

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14
Q

What are the layers of the dermis

A

The papillary layer and the reticular layer

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15
Q

Describe the structures of the hair from basal to apical surface

A

papillae, follicle, root, shaft

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16
Q

Describe the purpose of the lanugo and who has it.

A

Fine hair in Fetuses that holds the vernix on the fetus.

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17
Q

Describe Vellus.

A

Fine un-pigmented hair primarily in women and children

18
Q

Describe the pathway for yellowish pigment in thickened skin like callouses

A

Carotene is a yellowish pigment that is fat soluble. It accumulates in the stratum granulosum and the makes its way to the stratum corneum.

19
Q

What is the description for excessive hair growth and what are its main causes?

A

Hirsutism. Often Hormonal resulting in male hair growth in females, or genetic conditions such as Spanish Royal Family

20
Q

What part of the the dermis is responsible for touch?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

21
Q

Name the order of the epidermal layers from top to bottom

A

Stratum corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale

22
Q

How many layers is the Stratum Granulosum and what are the state of the cell?

A

3-5 flat during layers

23
Q

What is a Langerhans’s Cell/ Dendridic cell?

A

a Type of macrophage. They are an antigen presenting cells.

24
Q

What are the three main hair pigments and what color do they produce

A
  • Melanin: brown/black, (also call Eumelanin)
  • Pheomelanin: blond is a sulfur containing pigment
  • Trichosiderin: Red nd iron containing pigment
25
Q

How long does it take keratinocytes to reach the epidermal surface?

A

4 weeks

26
Q

What kind of tissue transformation occurs when flexion creases are made?

A

It is a conversion of to dense irregular CT to dense regular CT

27
Q

Describe Pallor

A

Pale skin form lack of blood flow, often a precursor to fainting

28
Q

Describe Hair growth phases

A
  • Anagen hair growth
  • Catagen follicle shrinking
  • Telogen is resting phase where is will fall out
29
Q

What causes bronzing of the skin?

A

Addison Disease cause but a hypo secretion of cortisal ( a glucocorticoid hormone) that effect melanin dispersion.

30
Q

Describe Hair root Plexus

A

Detects hair movement with a free dendritic ending

31
Q

What causes your hair to stand on end

A

the Arrector Pili

32
Q

What is the function of Lamellar Granules?

A

Repel water through release of lipids

33
Q

Describe Vitiligo.

A

an autoimmune disorder loss of meloncytes that cause white patches

34
Q

What are the functions and contents of the papillary region?

A
  • It anchors dermis to epidermis
  • Contains capillaries that feed the epidermis
  • Contains free nerve endings for pain and temperature
  • Contains Meissner’’s copuscles for Touch
35
Q

Where do you find the Stratum Lucidum?

A

on the soles of the feet and palms of the hand

36
Q

What effects hair texture?

A

Hair shaft shape - rounder is straighter flatter is curlier

37
Q

Describe hair layer from deep to superficial. and their composition

A
  • Medula: composed of ground substance/proteins some pigmentation
  • Cortex (dead cells that contain vesicles that contain pigment)
  • Cuticle (overlapping cell like scales)
38
Q

How any layers make up the stratum spinosum?

A

8-10 layers

39
Q

Describe Erythema

A

reness, can be cause by emotional reaction or by carbon monoxide poisoning

40
Q

Why do hemangioma often fade through childhood?

A

the production of melanin covers the birthmark, but it does not actually go away.

41
Q

What are causes of grey and white hair

A

Hollowing out of the medula that are reflective.

42
Q

Why are hypodermic injections effective?

A

Because they are highly vascularized?

Bio 231 -PCC (19 decks)

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