Integumentary System Flashcards
Di-sufide bridges perform what function in hair?
To strengthen the keratin making it much harder.
What are functions of the Stratum Corneum ?
Barrier to light, heat, chemicals, water, and bacteria
Where can you find terminal hair?
on the head, axially and pubic area, and facial hair in men
What is the purpose of the shape of the papillae in the dermis?
To increase the surface area for better attachment of the epidermis to dermis
What kind of tissue composes the hypodermis?
Adipose tissue
Where you you find keratohyalin granules?
In the Stratum Granulosum
What cause red/ ruddy skin pigmentation
Hermolgobin for Capillaries close to the surface with little melanin hiding it
What is a Hematoma
a bruise, turns from black/ purple, to green (from biliverde), to yellow form (bilirubin)
What happens to the stratum spinosum during slide preparation?
It shrinks the cells causing them to look spiny and giving rise to the name of this cell layers
How many layers thick is the Spinum Corneum and what is its composition?
It is 25-30 layers think made of dead cells filled with keratin and surrounded by lipids
What causes skin color variation?
Differences in the production of pigments form the melanocytes, but not actually differences in the melanocytes
What are the cases and symptoms of Psoriasis?
Flaky silvery skin cause by abnormal keratin production. Keratin is produce too quickly.
Describe Cyanosis and it cause
Skin looks blue from lack or profusion and high CO2 levels
What are the layers of the dermis
The papillary layer and the reticular layer
Describe the structures of the hair from basal to apical surface
papillae, follicle, root, shaft
Describe the purpose of the lanugo and who has it.
Fine hair in Fetuses that holds the vernix on the fetus.
Describe Vellus.
Fine un-pigmented hair primarily in women and children
Describe the pathway for yellowish pigment in thickened skin like callouses
Carotene is a yellowish pigment that is fat soluble. It accumulates in the stratum granulosum and the makes its way to the stratum corneum.
What is the description for excessive hair growth and what are its main causes?
Hirsutism. Often Hormonal resulting in male hair growth in females, or genetic conditions such as Spanish Royal Family
What part of the the dermis is responsible for touch?
Meissner’s corpuscles
Name the order of the epidermal layers from top to bottom
Stratum corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale
How many layers is the Stratum Granulosum and what are the state of the cell?
3-5 flat during layers
What is a Langerhans’s Cell/ Dendridic cell?
a Type of macrophage. They are an antigen presenting cells.
What are the three main hair pigments and what color do they produce
- Melanin: brown/black, (also call Eumelanin)
- Pheomelanin: blond is a sulfur containing pigment
- Trichosiderin: Red nd iron containing pigment
How long does it take keratinocytes to reach the epidermal surface?
4 weeks
What kind of tissue transformation occurs when flexion creases are made?
It is a conversion of to dense irregular CT to dense regular CT
Describe Pallor
Pale skin form lack of blood flow, often a precursor to fainting
Describe Hair growth phases
- Anagen hair growth
- Catagen follicle shrinking
- Telogen is resting phase where is will fall out
What causes bronzing of the skin?
Addison Disease cause but a hypo secretion of cortisal ( a glucocorticoid hormone) that effect melanin dispersion.
Describe Hair root Plexus
Detects hair movement with a free dendritic ending
What causes your hair to stand on end
the Arrector Pili
What is the function of Lamellar Granules?
Repel water through release of lipids
Describe Vitiligo.
an autoimmune disorder loss of meloncytes that cause white patches
What are the functions and contents of the papillary region?
- It anchors dermis to epidermis
- Contains capillaries that feed the epidermis
- Contains free nerve endings for pain and temperature
- Contains Meissner’’s copuscles for Touch
Where do you find the Stratum Lucidum?
on the soles of the feet and palms of the hand
What effects hair texture?
Hair shaft shape - rounder is straighter flatter is curlier
Describe hair layer from deep to superficial. and their composition
- Medula: composed of ground substance/proteins some pigmentation
- Cortex (dead cells that contain vesicles that contain pigment)
- Cuticle (overlapping cell like scales)
How any layers make up the stratum spinosum?
8-10 layers
Describe Erythema
reness, can be cause by emotional reaction or by carbon monoxide poisoning
Why do hemangioma often fade through childhood?
the production of melanin covers the birthmark, but it does not actually go away.
What are causes of grey and white hair
Hollowing out of the medula that are reflective.
Why are hypodermic injections effective?
Because they are highly vascularized?
