Lecture muscles 2 Flashcards
Single unit smooth muscles
when one contract they all contract, but very slowly
What shape does smooth muscles lean to when it contracts?
Spherical. Forces is spliced in all directions
What is an isometric contraction?
force is increase, recruit more motor units, muscles stay the same.
What is function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Store Calcium
What is imomplete tentany?
Actions potential arrive more quickly than complete relaxation occurs. Calcium is still present in sarcoplasm when next contractions starts.
Muli-tunit smooth muscle
Is controlled by motors unit, similar etc skleletal muscles that work together. for fine control such as the pupal
What is the phosphogn systems and How does long the is last?
Transfer of phosphate to ATP from another molecule. 6-8 seconds use full out, 1 minute brisk walk.
What do the calcium pumps do SR?
Calcium pumps are always working to move from the sarcoplasm to sarcoplasmic reticulum
What are the steps in contractions and relaxations
1) Excitiation 2) Excitation - Contractions 3) Contraction 4) Relaxation
What allow you to maintain a condition with out ATP in smooth muscle
Gelsulin
What is true fatigue
running out of AT
What is a concentric vs. eccentric contraction?
Concentric contractions : regular contraction muscles get shorter. Eccentric contractions lengthening while contracting, it rip muscle proteins.
What is treppe?
Calcium is still left in the sarcoplasm after action potentials are complete. Also increased heat increasing enzymatic efficiency.
How many ATP are generated in aerobic respiration? How much can it produce?
36 ATP per glucose. Produces 1 mole per minute.
What kind of muscle is this and how does it work?
It is a convergent muscle. I acks like a blokc and tackle which generate a lot more foce, but also decreases speed and range of motion
How many ATP pre glucose can you generate using Anerobic glycolysis? How many moles per minute can it generate? How long does it last
2 ATPs per glucose. 2.5 mole per minute. 2-3 minutes.
How much ATP is generated per minute using the phosphogen system?
4 moles per minute
long long does lactic acid oxygen debt last?
hours after exercise
What are Calveloae?
Pockets on the outside of the smooth muscle cells.
Where does the majority of calcium come from for smooth muscle?
Outside of the cell
What is the primary energy source while are rest or light exercise?
Fatty Acids
Where can you find actin in smooth muscle?
Actin is attached to dense bodies in smooth muscles
Whyis the force generated with each contractions less in tetany but the over all force greater.
As concentration of Ca in the sarcoplasm increases relative to the SR the CA does not move as quickly through the boot proteins. More muscle fibers are being recutited so the over all force is greater..
Why does cardiac muscles have large glycogen store?
For temporary use if oxygen is cut off.
What causes the difference between fast twitch Fibers Slow twitch fibers?
-the ATPase is about 15 times slower in slow twitch than fast twitch. and corresponding possible force is lower.
What is the primary energy source for heavy exercise?
About 2/3 glucose (carbohydrates)
What does troponin release the calcium in relaxation?
Calciums has a low affinity for troponin and releases when the concentration drops
Where do you find Calsequestrin?
Inside the calveloae. It draws calcium in.
What two molecules that are part of the phosphogen system?
Creatin-kinase and Myo- Kinase which Break 2 ADP to AMP and ATP.
What is replaced from the a-lactic acid Oxygen debt, and how quickly do you recover
Oxygen to hemoglobin, myoglobin and replenishes phosphogen system
What are T-tubules
Transverse tubules are infolding of the sarcolemma that ra
what is the mechanism for Myasthenia Gravis what are the symptons?
The symptoms are placid paralysis cause by immune system attacks ligangated channels on post synaptic face of synapse.
What is the position of the myacin head a relaxed skeletal muscle.
In the hight energy state bound to AD and inorganic phosphate
What is an isotonic contraction?
force stays the same muscle get shorter
How can fatigue operate to cause weekness.
Lowers concentration gradient action potential can works as effectively and lead to an accumulation of potassium outside of the cell
What kid of muscles is this?
Fusiform
How does lactic acid effect force generated.
The lower pH diminished enzymatic activity
What allows the automaticity of cardiac muscle?
Leaky sodium channels allow sodium to leak back into the heart, cause hypo-polarization that lead to a contraction
