Lecture muscles 2

Question 1

Single unit smooth muscles

Answer 1

when one contract they all contract, but very slowly

Question 2

What shape does smooth muscles lean to when it contracts?

Answer 2

Spherical. Forces is spliced in all directions

Question 3

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 3

force is increase, recruit more motor units, muscles stay the same.

Question 4

What is function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 4

Store Calcium

Question 5

What is imomplete tentany?

Answer 5

Actions potential arrive more quickly than complete relaxation occurs. Calcium is still present in sarcoplasm when next contractions starts.

Question 6

Muli-tunit smooth muscle

Answer 6

Is controlled by motors unit, similar etc skleletal muscles that work together. for fine control such as the pupal

Question 7

What is the phosphogn systems and How does long the is last?

Answer 7

Transfer of phosphate to ATP from another molecule. 6-8 seconds use full out, 1 minute brisk walk.

Question 8

What do the calcium pumps do SR?

Answer 8

Calcium pumps are always working to move from the sarcoplasm to sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

What are the steps in contractions and relaxations

Answer 9

1) Excitiation 2) Excitation - Contractions 3) Contraction 4) Relaxation

Question 10

What allow you to maintain a condition with out ATP in smooth muscle

Answer 10

Gelsulin

Question 11

What is true fatigue

Answer 11

running out of AT

Question 12

What is a concentric vs. eccentric contraction?

Answer 12

Concentric contractions : regular contraction muscles get shorter. Eccentric contractions lengthening while contracting, it rip muscle proteins.

Question 13

What is treppe?

Answer 13

Calcium is still left in the sarcoplasm after action potentials are complete. Also increased heat increasing enzymatic efficiency.

Question 14

How many ATP are generated in aerobic respiration? How much can it produce?

Answer 14

36 ATP per glucose. Produces 1 mole per minute.

Question 15

What kind of muscle is this and how does it work?

Answer 15

It is a convergent muscle. I acks like a blokc and tackle which generate a lot more foce, but also decreases speed and range of motion

Question 16

How many ATP pre glucose can you generate using Anerobic glycolysis? How many moles per minute can it generate? How long does it last

Answer 16

2 ATPs per glucose. 2.5 mole per minute. 2-3 minutes.

Question 17

How much ATP is generated per minute using the phosphogen system?

Answer 17

4 moles per minute

Question 18

long long does lactic acid oxygen debt last?

Answer 18

hours after exercise

Question 19

What are Calveloae?

Answer 19

Pockets on the outside of the smooth muscle cells.

Question 20

Where does the majority of calcium come from for smooth muscle?

Answer 20

Outside of the cell

Question 21

What is the primary energy source while are rest or light exercise?

Answer 21

Fatty Acids

Question 22

Where can you find actin in smooth muscle?

Answer 22

Actin is attached to dense bodies in smooth muscles

Question 23

Whyis the force generated with each contractions less in tetany but the over all force greater.

Answer 23

As concentration of Ca in the sarcoplasm increases relative to the SR the CA does not move as quickly through the boot proteins. More muscle fibers are being recutited so the over all force is greater..

Question 24

Why does cardiac muscles have large glycogen store?

Answer 24

For temporary use if oxygen is cut off.

Question 25

What causes the difference between fast twitch Fibers Slow twitch fibers?

Answer 25

-the ATPase is about 15 times slower in slow twitch than fast twitch. and corresponding possible force is lower.

Question 26

What is the primary energy source for heavy exercise?

Answer 26

About 2/3 glucose (carbohydrates)

Question 27

What does troponin release the calcium in relaxation?

Answer 27

Calciums has a low affinity for troponin and releases when the concentration drops

Question 28

Where do you find Calsequestrin?

Answer 28

Inside the calveloae. It draws calcium in.

Question 29

What two molecules that are part of the phosphogen system?

Answer 29

Creatin-kinase and Myo- Kinase which Break 2 ADP to AMP and ATP.

Question 30

What is replaced from the a-lactic acid Oxygen debt, and how quickly do you recover

Answer 30

Oxygen to hemoglobin, myoglobin and replenishes phosphogen system

Question 31

What are T-tubules

Answer 31

Transverse tubules are infolding of the sarcolemma that ra

Question 32

what is the mechanism for Myasthenia Gravis what are the symptons?

Answer 32

The symptoms are placid paralysis cause by immune system attacks ligangated channels on post synaptic face of synapse.

Question 33

What is the position of the myacin head a relaxed skeletal muscle.

Answer 33

In the hight energy state bound to AD and inorganic phosphate

Question 34

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 34

force stays the same muscle get shorter

Question 35

How can fatigue operate to cause weekness.

Answer 35

Lowers concentration gradient action potential can works as effectively and lead to an accumulation of potassium outside of the cell

Question 36

What kid of muscles is this?

Answer 36

Fusiform

Question 37

How does lactic acid effect force generated.

Answer 37

The lower pH diminished enzymatic activity

Question 38

What allows the automaticity of cardiac muscle?

Answer 38

Leaky sodium channels allow sodium to leak back into the heart, cause hypo-polarization that lead to a contraction