Connective Tissue Flashcards
Where in the body can you find Hyaline Cartilage?
It is a primary support cartilage found many placesIt. It is for the articular cartilage of the joint, nose, throat, Attaches ribs to sternum
List the three types of cartilage from most supportive to most malleable
Hyaline Cartilage, Fibrocartilage Elastic Cartilage
Where in the body can you find elastic cartilage?
Ear, Epiglotis
Where in the body can you find Fibrocartilage?
Intervertebral discs, meniscus, pubic symthesis
What is happening in tissue in Lupus and what are common symptoms?
Inflammation of the connective tissue caused by autoimmune disease. Common symptoms joints, loss of hair, ulcers, can cause kidney failure from accumulation of antigens.
Where can you Adherens Junctions
Common many locations where you don’t need extremely strong adherence for structural stability such as liver and pancreas
What are the components of the Adherens junctions
Microfilaments in the cytosol and Plaques formed transmembrane glycoproteins
What are structures of desmosomes?
Intermediate filaments that attache throughout the cell, plaques made from glycoproteins that are cross linked and fused together
Where are desmosomes found?
In cardiac muscle, skin
List types of cell junction strongest to weakest
Desmosomes, Adherens Junctions, Tight Junctions
What type of cell junction attaches epithelial sells to the basement membrane?
Hemidesmisomes
What type of Connective tissue is the basement membrane made of
Reticular fibers
What is the function and structure of Gap Junctions
Facilitate communication between two cells through protein channels called connexions
Where are common places to find gap junctions
Heart, Smooth muscle
What kind of glands secrete their product directly into the blood stream and what products do the secrete?
Endocrine glands which secrete hormones
Name three types of Exocrine gland
Simple, Acinar, Tubuloacinar
Describe the secretion method and location in the body of simple exocrine glands
Simple glands secrete from an unbranched duct. They are found in the both types of sweat glands ( the eccrine and apocrine).
Describe the secretion method and common location in the body of acinar exocrine glands
Acinar glands secret from a secretory sac. They are found in the mammary cells
Describe the secretion method and location in the body of tubuloacinar exocrine glands
Tubuloacinar glands secret from both their face and the tube of the duct, often secreting different things from the different locations. The are found in the pancreas where tubular component produces bicarbonate and acinar component produces digestive enzymes
What is Sjogren’s Syndrome
an autoimmune disease causing dry mouth and eyes due to gland inflammation
What are the methods of glandular secretions
Merocrine, Aporcrine, Holocrine
What is the most common type of glandular secretion
Merocrine
What is Holocrine secretion and where in the body can is be found?
The entire cell explodes upon producing a certain amount of material. Usually oily such as sebaceous glands,
What is the only unicellular gland and what does it produce?
Gobblet Cells produce mucus
What is the purpose of mucous membranes
Used for lubricant or to trap stuff
Name the 4 types of membranes
Cutaneous membranes, mucous, serous, synovial.
What types of tissue make up the serous membranes
Simple squamous epithelial and Areolar CT
What is metaplasia and what is an example
change from one cell type to another simple cuboidal to stratified squamous in female cervix
What is Hyperplasia?
increase cell growth through cell division
What is Hypertrophy?
growth of cells without cell division such as skeletal muscles
What is the name for shrinkage of tissue and how does it occur?
Atrophy which can either be a decrease in cell number or cell size
What is a bed sore more properly know as and what is occurring to the cells
decubitus ulcer. It is a form of necrosis.
What is abnormal cell growth called?
Neoplasia
What are the two types of tissue repair?
Regnerations and Fibrosis
What is kind of fiber is produced in fibrosis
collagen
What is Granulation in tissue
Active Cell Growth
What is the terming for the abnormal joining of tissue and what is the common cause?
Adhesion caused by surgery or sometime inflammation
What is cofactor is very important for the formation of connective tissues and collagen
Vitamin C
What are issue effecting tissue repair
Nutrition, Blood circulation, Aging
What are three common Age related issues with tissue repair
Change in collagen quality, elastin fibers fragment, cell division and protein synthesis slow down
What happens to elastic fibers with age?
The fibers fragment and abnormally bind to calcium
What are the common cells of connective tissue
Fibroblasts, Microphages, Mast Cells, Adipocytes
What the fibers of connective tissue
Collagen, Elastin fibers, and Reticular cells
Describe reticular fibers and their function
Small collagen fibers, used to anchor ell loosely in place for processing.
What are Reticular fiber for and where are they found?
Loose network of reticular fibers and cells. Found in sinusoidal capillaries. Used to increase contact for processing such as liver and lymph nodes
Marfan Syndrome
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