Lecture Bones Flashcards
What abnormal curvature of the spine is the result of week abdominal muscles
Lordosis
What abnormal curvature of the spine is caused most often caused by osteoporosis, and what are it characteristics?
Kyphosis. It creates a humpback position. Also called dowager’s hump
What causes spina bifida?
Lack of proper fusion between vertebral bones. Associated with low folic acid.
How many arches are there in the foot?
Three the transverse arch, the medial longitudinal arch, the lateral longitudinal arch
What clinical problems occur with changes in the medial arch and how do they present.
Flatfooted is a weakened medial arch and claw foot is an elevated medial arch
What do the the osteoclasts release to breakdown collagen fibers?
Acid phosphatase
What is a typical ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts in the osteogenic layer?
about 20/30 to 1
What is the crystal matrix of bone called?
Hydroxylapatite
What is the volume ration of organic to inorganic matter in bone
about 2/3 organic to 1/2 inorganic opposite for weight
What kind of charge is created by The piezoelectric effect in bone?
A negative charge
What causes calcium salts to form during endochrondral bon formation?
Acidification from cell death of the starved chrondrocytes
Where are is the primary ossification center of bone?
The bone collar on the outside of the diaphisia
Where is the secondary ossification center?
In the center of the epiphyis
What is apposition all bone growth?
Growth in width
What is in bone to stop the crystal from splitting
Calcium carbonate
What is the bone marrow cavity in a long bone called?
Medullary cavity
What is another name for spongy bone as a whole and one for the bone portion of the spongy bone
Spongy bone can be called dipole the bone portion is Trabeculae
What is a perforating canal in an osteon and its function?
It is the blood vessels running perpendicular to the central canal. The function is to restore blood to the area if there is damage.
Where to the first blood cells come from developmentally?
the yolk sac
At what point developmentally do red blood cell get ordered inside the bones?
12 weeks gestation? Prior to that they are ordered in the spleen and before that the liver
What is the function of yellow marrow?
It is compressible and is for shock absorption, prevent fracture
What are the steps of bone remodeling?
Quinesence, Resorbtion, Reversal, Formation, Mineraliztion
What is acromegaly and what kind bone growth occurs?
Secretion of growth hormone after the growth plates have close. Increased appositional growth.
What hormone is responsible for growth plate closure?
Estrogen
What is the Annulus fibrosis
The fibrocartilage of the intervertebral disc
What is a herniated disc?
A break in the collagen fibers of the annulus fibrosis that allows the nucleus pulposis
Describe the pathway from 7-dehydrocholesteriol to calcitriol
7-dehydrocholesteriol+UV —-> Cholecalceferol
= Liver —–> Calcidiol+ Kidney——> Calcitriol
Where does parathyroid Increase calcium re-absorption?
Distal Convulated Tubile of the Kidney
