Lecture Bones

Question 1

What abnormal curvature of the spine is the result of week abdominal muscles

Answer 1

Lordosis

Question 2

What abnormal curvature of the spine is caused most often caused by osteoporosis, and what are it characteristics?

Answer 2

Kyphosis. It creates a humpback position. Also called dowager’s hump

Question 3

What causes spina bifida?

Answer 3

Lack of proper fusion between vertebral bones. Associated with low folic acid.

Question 4

How many arches are there in the foot?

Answer 4

Three the transverse arch, the medial longitudinal arch, the lateral longitudinal arch

Question 5

What clinical problems occur with changes in the medial arch and how do they present.

Answer 5

Flatfooted is a weakened medial arch and claw foot is an elevated medial arch

Question 6

What do the the osteoclasts release to breakdown collagen fibers?

Answer 6

Acid phosphatase

Question 7

What is a typical ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts in the osteogenic layer?

Answer 7

about 20/30 to 1

Question 8

What is the crystal matrix of bone called?

Answer 8

Hydroxylapatite

Question 9

What is the volume ration of organic to inorganic matter in bone

Answer 9

about 2/3 organic to 1/2 inorganic opposite for weight

Question 10

What kind of charge is created by The piezoelectric effect in bone?

Answer 10

A negative charge

Question 11

What causes calcium salts to form during endochrondral bon formation?

Answer 11

Acidification from cell death of the starved chrondrocytes

Question 12

Where are is the primary ossification center of bone?

Answer 12

The bone collar on the outside of the diaphisia

Question 13

Where is the secondary ossification center?

Answer 13

In the center of the epiphyis

Question 14

What is apposition all bone growth?

Answer 14

Growth in width

Question 15

What is in bone to stop the crystal from splitting

Answer 15

Calcium carbonate

Question 16

What is the bone marrow cavity in a long bone called?

Answer 16

Medullary cavity

Question 17

What is another name for spongy bone as a whole and one for the bone portion of the spongy bone

Answer 17

Spongy bone can be called dipole the bone portion is Trabeculae

Question 18

What is a perforating canal in an osteon and its function?

Answer 18

It is the blood vessels running perpendicular to the central canal. The function is to restore blood to the area if there is damage.

Question 19

Where to the first blood cells come from developmentally?

Answer 19

the yolk sac

Question 20

At what point developmentally do red blood cell get ordered inside the bones?

Answer 20

12 weeks gestation? Prior to that they are ordered in the spleen and before that the liver

Question 21

What is the function of yellow marrow?

Answer 21

It is compressible and is for shock absorption, prevent fracture

Question 22

What are the steps of bone remodeling?

Answer 22

Quinesence, Resorbtion, Reversal, Formation, Mineraliztion

Question 23

What is acromegaly and what kind bone growth occurs?

Answer 23

Secretion of growth hormone after the growth plates have close. Increased appositional growth.

Question 24

What hormone is responsible for growth plate closure?

Answer 24

Estrogen

Question 25

What is the Annulus fibrosis

Answer 25

The fibrocartilage of the intervertebral disc

Question 26

What is a herniated disc?

Answer 26

A break in the collagen fibers of the annulus fibrosis that allows the nucleus pulposis

Question 27

Describe the pathway from 7-dehydrocholesteriol to calcitriol

Answer 27

7-dehydrocholesteriol+UV —-> Cholecalceferol

= Liver —–> Calcidiol+ Kidney——> Calcitriol

Question 28

Where does parathyroid Increase calcium re-absorption?

Answer 28

Distal Convulated Tubile of the Kidney