SPID- Group Behaviour Flashcards
what is social facilitation?
the idea that in the presence of other we improve our performance in tasks
triplett fish study
asked chidlren to wind a fishing rod alone and in a group, they perfomed better in a group supporting the idea of social fascilitation
what is drive theory?
when we observe people we become alert and aroused, we question our skill set and our dominant response comes forward aiding us to decide wether we can perform the task at hand (social fascilitation)
what is social loafing?
idea that in a group we work less hard because we expect others to do the work for us
what is the cyberball study?
people left out of a virtual game (not even real life) and found that their mood had decreased, this shows the importance for a sense of belonging and how effected we are by ostracism
who is most affected by ostracism?
socially anxious people
Gender differences in social loafing and ostracism ?
females when faced with ostracism then socially compensate but men turn to social loafing
what is relative deprivation?
the idea that a person will feel deprived or entitled to something due to their comparison of themselves to someone else
gay example of relative deprivation?
LGBTQIA community feeling deprived of the right to marry since heterosexual groups had this right
relative deprivation and relative gratification are associated with high levels of …
prejudice towards other groups and the curbing of immigration
what is the v curve hypothesis?
the idea that RG & RD lead to similar outcomes of predjudice
what are the types of RD?
egoistic
franternalistic
what is egoistic deprivation?
when we see people similar to us treated btter/different
what is franternalistic deprivation?
see our GROUP as a whole treated differently
Switzerland referendum 2014 study
people were more likely to vote for immigration to be curbed if they were from low income and high income
RD = against immigration because …
they compare their current finacial sitation to the future situtation after immigration has been allowed and see they will be in more jeaoprady
RG = against immigration because
believe their wealth is in threat
how does political violence depend on future optimism?
people who have less hope for the future are more politicall agressive as they have nothing to lose but alos people who have a lot to lose
sherrif camp study
young middle class boys set up in two camps more prejudice when they were competing but this hostility reduced when they were told to achieve the same goals
what is the minimal condition for discrimination ?
groups of the self and other
what is social identity theory
people derive their goals from their group
what is the process of social identity theory?
social categorisation (self and other), identification (adopt norms etc of group) , comparison (in group favoritism and rivals in other groups) and differentiation (positive self importance, leading to prejudice)
social mobility
change group when
its possible
low identification with group
social creativity
accept your group is worse than others
unable to change
social compeition
dont accept ur group is worse
attempt to change status quo of group
lebon
we can repress our innate drive to be agressive when we are laone but this becomes more difficult in the prescence of a crowd
freud
crowd unlocks the unconscious
what is deindividuation?
the idea that we are predisposed to hostile behaviour and in a crowd when we feel annymous our agressive behaviur comes to the surface and we are less aware of our behaviour and act irrationally as we have lost a part of ourselves
key example of deindividuation
zimbardos stanford prison experiment ….
northern island - silke 2003
offenders who were wearing a disguise were more likely to vandalise, attack people and cause injuryt.
claiming wearing disguise leads to crime
problem with silke study
caustaion - masks bc they didnt want to be identified or did the mask lead them to commit crime?
Diener study
kids on hallowen (disguised) told they could only take one sweet when trick or treating, when alone they did this, but in a group they didnt. blending into a group and anominity leading to rule breaking
deindividuation and Tottenham riots
would argue that the riots advanced because the diffusion of responsibility led to people losing their sense of self and commiting unlawful acts
evaluate deindiviudation
not everyone wore covers to lose sense of self
riots were still contained to certain areas
doesnt account for peacful crwods doesnt always end in violence
Social identity of deindividuation (SIDE) model
us vs them
identity is on a continuum (person to social)
position on this depdens on context
crowd situations shift us to the social side meaing you are less focused on your identity but more likely to conform to group norms
steinel
needing to belong = higher levels of conformity
SIDE model explanation of Tottenham riots
- attack on outer groups (them)
- riots in a low status group (identify with group)
- companies = outer groups
-relationship between higher/outer group and inner group
limitations of SIDE?
fails to explain behaviours of certain group memebrs - middle class
biological reason for helping others
- help people genetically related to us
what twins are most supportive of each other
MZ twins are most supportive to each other rather than DZ twins because tehy are most genetically similar
empathy in helping others
- Requires perspective taking (putting yourself in other people’s shoes)
- Females tend to have higher levels of empathy than men
- Feeling empathy when others are in distress is uncomfortable for us
- Not helping others can lead to guilt, we help others to make ourselves feel better about ourselves. Altruism doesn’t exist, we just reduce the other unpleasant feeling.
what is the bystander calculus model
exaplains wether we help people in a given situation
notice event –> emergency? –> responsibility?–> know how to help –> provide help
at each stage no help is an option
learning theory
helping others is a behaviour that must be learned
crusec
126 children - bowling game - win marbles, most marbles = better prizes - or could donate your marbles so another child could get - three different teaching methods - instruct them to be helpful(tell them to donate a marble) - modelling, when experimenter won they would donate a marble - both of the above together - no difference so equally effective in getting prosocial behaviour.
latane and darleys cognitve model
We need to be paying attention to our surroundings and what is happening - then we need to describe an event as an emergency - assume responsibility - decide what can be done
how do we internalise messages to be prosocial
We must have an accurate perception of message that the parents are trying to teach, they must also be focused on the messaged. Then they must accept the message and what it is telling them to do. Is it a good message? They must be motivated to accept the message. Also they must maintain a sense of autonomy. The combinations of these factors leads to internalisation of the message.
