Memory Flashcards
Patient HM
had an operation where the hippocampus was removed
he had: anterograde amnesia and temporally graded retrograde amnesia
what does HM show?
The hippocampus is vital for encoding short-term memories into long-term memories
There are different systems for retrieving and encoding.
There are different types of memories.
Different brain regions are responsible for procedural and semantic memories.
Describe HM memory after the removal of the hippocampus
- he had short term memory
- had some LTM
- couldnt create new LTM
- He could remeber some things from his youth
- had procedural memory - cane and maze
retrograde amnesia
is a loss of memory-access to events that occurred or information that was learned, before an injury or the onset of a disease.
anterograde amnesia
is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia.
Proactive interference
The negative influence of old material on new material.
Retroactive interference:
The negative influence of new material on old material.
partial report superiority
accurately recall information when they are given instructions to give a partial report rather than a full report - theyll remeber 3/4 items sperling
visual stimuli
iconic memory
auditory stimuli
iconic memory
touch stim
haptic memory
what is held in sensory memory?
colour
shape
size
brightness
( no meaning)
when isnt there a partial report advantage?
No partial report advantage when asked to report items of a certain category eg. letters or digits (Sperling, 1960).
span task
list of something (numbers/words) that needs to be remembered and recalled
cued recall task
paired associate, give first word of pair and they have ti remember the second word
what is a false alarm, hit, correct rejction and miss?
Miss - not new its old
correct rejected - new say its new
hit - old say its old
false alarm - new but its old
slots model
certain number of lockers that can be filled cant get anymore in if you dont take more info out, nothing in the brain suggests theres a limimted number of slots in the brain
rescourse model
more items = less resources because giving memory to multiple so slope, wider distribution
dual coding hypothesis
for words we can imagine there are two routes to retrieval. language and the image in your mind. more likely to remember concrete words rather than abstract
Declarative / Explicit memory
memoriesthat can be consciously recalled (or “declared”), consisting of information that is explicitly stored and retrieved
Nondeclarative / Implicit memory
memoriesthat can not be consciously recalled (or “declared”), consisting of information that is implicitly stored and retrieved
cortical reinstatement
Retrieval involves the same pattern of brain activity that was present when the memory was encoded.
report and encode has similar brain activity
example of hm having implcit memory
when hm had implicit memory he was faster at getting through the route but couldnt exactly remeber that he had done it before
priming amnesic patientrs
- Amnesic patients,
- Performed badly with the recognition procedure (explicit task),
- Performed normally when shown visually degraded versions of the words and asked to “guess” (implicit task).
skills —> bike, golf etc, piano yuh