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Psych year one > mental ilness > Flashcards

mental ilness Flashcards

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1
Q

what system is involved in anxiety?

A

limbic system

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2
Q

what part of the brain is involved in anxiety?

A

amygdala

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3
Q

what happens if your amydala is impaired?

A

no sense of anxcious states

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4
Q

factors involved in axniety

A

enironment and genetic

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5
Q

locus of contol in anxiety

A

the more control we have in our early lives the less anxious we are in adulthood

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6
Q

harlows study

A

monkeys, scared them, lack of control in environemnt led to more chaotic behaviour

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7
Q

treatment 4 phobias

A
  • modelling = hierarcy of fears
  • flooding = exposure
  • systematic desensititaisation = gradual exposure and learing how to relax in the prescence of threatening stimulus
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8
Q

most effective treatment for anixety

A

CBT + PILLS

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9
Q

how do we aquire and maintain a phobia

A

mowrers 2 process model

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10
Q

what is panic disorder?

A

physical INTERNAL anxiety disorder, physically overwhelming

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11
Q

amygdala in people with PD

A

hyperactive

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12
Q

key diffrence between panic disorder and gernalised anixety disorder …

A

PD = increased awareness of physical sensations and improved ability to monitor heart rate whilst anxiety is more about fear of unknown

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13
Q

cycle of OCD

A

obssesive thought -> anxiety -> compulsion -> temporary relief -> obssesive thought …

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14
Q

neurology of OCD

A

ocd = excess frontal striatal activiation, abnormal activity when correct and incorrect

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15
Q

ocd and love

A

people in fresh relationships had ocd like symptoms

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16
Q

treatment for ocd

A

SSRIs + CBT both effective at reducing increased brain acitivty, most effective together
CBT 60% effective alone

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17
Q

main cause for hoarding

A

belongings -= comfort and safety

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18
Q

neurology of hoarding disorder

A

precentral gyrus anxiety

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19
Q

treatment for hoarding disorder

A

improve during treatment but not a long lasting effect, moderate to good improvement

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20
Q

neurology of body dysmorphic disorder

A

orbitofrontal cortex is overactive
occipital cortex is deacresed acitvity
corpus callosum is decareed

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21
Q

how do people with BDD percieve faces

A

they can point out their flaws and individual features#
when doing a test against controls they were more succesful at matching mixed up faces due to their ability to see diffrent features and speerate the face from being a whole unit

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22
Q

treatment for BDD

A

not that much researcj
tends to be unsucceful and high relapse rates

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23
Q

what is a somatic symptom disorder?

A

concerned with physical behaviours

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24
Q

conversion disorder

A

physical symptoms that have no medical/neurological route. such as seizures or even being paralysed

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25
Q

neurology study of conversion disorder

A

poked patients in unaffected leg - reaction in brain. poked in affected leg = no reaction. poked both together and lots of reaction suggesting it is a false physical problem

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26
Q

freud and anna o

A

she was paralysed on onse side, found to be a mental health problem, using the repression defence mechanism

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27
Q

neurology of conversion

A

in the left hemisphere theres a supression of memories
dorsolateral frontal cortex and activity in the hippocampus

28
Q

epilipsey and conversion

A

theres an increased acitvty in the temporoperietal junction which is associated with epilesipy and out of body experiences suggesting they leave their body

29
Q

treatment for conversion

A

psychoanalysis talking therapy for 12 weeks to being repressed belief to the surface

30
Q

factitious disorder

A

falsification of symptoms treatment = talking therapies

31
Q

Munchausen by proxy disorder

A

child abuse, giving child/ believing they have physical symptoms that are not there

32
Q

causes of munchausen by proxy

A

18% had secure attchment to parent, unresolved loss/fear of less, 60% had abuse aswell

33
Q

types of munchausen by proxy

A

help seekers
doctor addicts
inducers

34
Q

treatment of munchausen by proxy

A

firslty classify which one they are, talkig therapies, not much research .

35
Q

what is type one schizophrenia?

A

positive, what you gain, hallucintaions, dillusions, caused by too much dopamine, reversible

36
Q

what is type two schizophrenia?

A

negative, what you lose, speech, organisation skills, not reversible

37
Q

neurology of schizpohrenia

A
  • enlarged ventricle mass
  • temporal horn englarged
  • more on left side than right
  • because these are englarged it changes the organisation and other grey matter mass in the brain
38
Q

there is less of what brain tissue in people with schizophrenia

A

superior temporal gyrus brain tissue

39
Q

what cells are different in shizophrenic patients

A

pre alpha cells

40
Q

treatment for schizophrenia

A

dopamine blockers

41
Q

causes of schizophrenia

A
  • brain matter loss
  • thumb ridge count
  • 2nd trimester of pregnancy
42
Q

what is the fantasy model?

A

dissacociation propensity –> mediators (fantasy proneness) –> trauma memories created

43
Q

what is the trauma model?

A

sociocognitive model
trauma –> mediators (genetics, environment) –> dissociative tendencies

44
Q

avoidance behaviour in DID?

A

means of depersonalisation and avoiding reminders of trauma. It then increases in frequency because it works , turning to the alter personalities

45
Q

neurological differences in DID sufferers#?

A

enhanced activity in the amygdala, frontal cortical regions
increased blood flow in medial and superior fontal regions
parietal and prefonrtal lobes

46
Q

what are the frontal cortical regions associated with?

A

dysregulation of consciousness

47
Q

pattern recognition in DID

A

using a brain pattern recognition software they were able to accuratley identify 74% of people with DID this is similar level to that of other mental health disorders.

48
Q

treatment stages for DID?

A

1, creating feelings of sefety between patient and client
2, CBT
3, trauma based work
4-5, increasing daily skills of the host

49
Q

does treatment for DID work?

A

yes consistent findings taht overtime they get better
but not essentially a cure after 30 months many were in mental distress again

50
Q

The exorcism of Anneliese Michel

A

Religious background, she kept showing systems of depression and ‘possession’. Believed she was possessed by six demons. They gave her 1-2 exorcisms per week. 1976 died from malnutrition and dehydration.

50
Q

Pierre Janet

A

Traumatic experiences are not due to supernatural causes and personality can divided into different ones. Devils and demons which display obsession can be understood as a dissociative disorder.

50
Q

what is they key brain regions in addicts?

A

nucleus acumbens

51
Q

neurology of addiction

A

dopamine is excessive and pushed towards the nucleus accumbens and medial prefonrtal cortex

51
Q

facebook addiction study

A

more facebook usage = more brain response to likes

52
Q

what is thetre less of in additcs

A

less dopamine receptors

53
Q

gaming gray matter

A

less gray matter in brain areas the more you game

54
Q

explain the mesolimbic dopamine system

A

dopamine system that is affected by the use of drugs

dopamine projection to the ventral tegmental area (main dopamine producing area in the brain) –> mesoaccumbens - nucleus accumbens (pleasure) / –> medial prefrontal cortex

55
Q

electrical brain stimulation

A

rats shocked pull lever kept going back to have more - addiction

56
Q

grey matter in cocaine addicts

A

reduced gray matter in the frontal love in people who do cocaine

57
Q

neurology of trichotillomania

A

increased cortical thickness found in MRI scan in the superior temporal gyrus, region associated with self-awareness.

58
Q

what disorder is related to the behaviours of people with trichotillomania

A

OCD
the hair pulling, in some people, equates to the compulsive behaviour that offers temporary relief from anxiety in OCD sufferers

59
Q

treatment for Trichotillomania

A

habit reversal therapy
SSRIs no more affective than placebos

60
Q

what is habit reversal therapy

A

awarness training –> what trigers hair pulling etc
competing response training ( a behaviour that ohysically stops hair pulling)
social support –> positive feedback for not taking part in hair pulling

61
Q

main symptoms of NPD

A

Grandiose sense of self-importance
Excessive need for admiration
Lack of empathy

62
Q

neurology of NPD

A

in the anteriorii insula there is smaller volumes of grey matter

region = undestanding peoples thoughts and feekings

63
Q

why is it hard to diagnose people with NPD

A

lack of awarnes off NPD
usually diagnosed when getting help for someting else (deppresion)
more severe = less likeley to be diganosed

64
Q
A

Psych year one (19 decks)

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