self and others Flashcards
different periods/societal movements that have influenced our view of the self
secularisation
enlightenemnt - (challenge monarchy and class system)
industrial revolution
psychanalysis - its impossible to have complete knowledge of the self
how did darwin influence the understanding of the self
origin of species, humans are animals and are a part of the evolutionary change sharing ancestry with animals.
jungs contribution to the self
person in the shadow, we create a person for others whilst consealing our true selves
Bukowski
being alone is fullfiling for human nature
dennet
self is real / a concept
mary wollstonecraft
changes in eductaion for women, how we raise chidlren generally and priortising womens rights
what is the mirror dot test
tested on animals and young childre, look into a mirror do they realise there is a dot on their face when looking in the mirror and do they realise that it is themselves they are looking at. how developed is their understanding of the self?
how do chidlren become aware of themselves
reach for objects and begin to realise theyre in the same situation as this object. identification -> permeneance and then self consciousness.
adult development
wokring out where you fit in society
maslows hiearcy of needs
physiological,safety,love,self esteem and self-actualisation.
ikigai
balancing of our human needs, when they are balanced you find ikigai
what is symbolic interactionism
self-concept comes from society and is modified through interactions.
looking glass self
Looking at ourselves from an outside perspective, what do we think others think about us, does this influence how we think of ourselves?
ocial comparison theory
downwards social comparisons is comparing ourselves to people less than us to feel better and upward social comparisons is the opposite to motive us (bad for self-esteem).
self perception theory
gain knowledge of ourself by reflecting on our behaviour, do we attend classes etc does this make us a good student rather than comparing ourselves to others.
objective self-concsciousnes
comparisions between who you are and who you would like to be
self discrepancy theory
part one - actual self - who we are now - ideal, future self - ought self, who we think we should be. Part two —> it can be hard to realise who we are, can lead to feeling low because we need to change ourself. we use self regulation to change ourselves.
temporal discounting
how much we want something changes in the function of time. This is in relation to self control, how much control do we have, can we wait for things.
e.g., would we rather have one hundered punds now or 200 pounds in five years
instant gratification study
children marshmallow, if you wait get more, impulsive kids just eat them others wait. correlation of how long they wait relates to performance in school. then looked at them fort years later and it predicted their performance in a psychology test on impulse control.
self control as a muscle
its important for success in life. if we exert self control we get tired but it works better in the long term. just like a muscle gets tired but stronger over time.
attentional bias to the self study
when faintly name said in loud convo they could tend to hear it.
had to say adjactives that remined them of them or other people they also had to state wether these adjectives had laredy been said, better recall at words taht described themselves.
what is corrospondence bias
making an inference about a persons disposition whilst failing to acknowledge situational factors that are influencing the situation
example of correspondence bias
assuming someone is rude because they rush past you when actually they were running to help someone et
spending time alone to reveal the self
to an extent, loneliness and solitude can be beneficial for learning about the self
neural basis of empathy
when electric shocked a part of the brain lit up
when told their partner would be shocked the same area also lit up
suggesting empathy is neurological
audience construction
to match other peoples presentation
self construction
ideal self
Cosmetics dehuamnisation hypothesis
just from face will you get prejudice. Heavy eye makeup - less intelligent and competenet - suggests sexualisation is not just the body
driver study
do you think you are worse/better/average at driving -0 answers dependend on wether they had a car crash or bad experiences. or thinking we are better make us feel better about driving.
terror managment theory
inevitablity of death is alarge threat we face, influences our reloigious beliefs etc. motivated by death. cultural world view and self-esteem.
existential experiment
PP asked a para about whatr will happen when you die/about food. some people manage fear of death with belief in religion/God.
which hemisphere is quicker at seeing people first
the right hemisphere
vulnerability hypothesis
low self esteem leads to deppression
scar hypothesis
deppression - low self-esteem
narcissm essay experiment
short essay on abortion
positive and negative feedvack
narcisst more angry from negative feedback they did longer loud blast
what is the defulat brain network
casual thoughts
central executive network
what are we going to do in future
what is the relationship between the networks
they dont work together
depression = overactive default netwrok, stuck in feeings of self rather than the future
what is the silence netwrok
helps manage other networks
benefits of MDMA assisted therapy
enables to talk about things without reliving the trauma due to reducicing activity in the amygdala
its much better for patients when combined with therapy because more openness without the trauma reliving in their brain
psilocybin vs antidepressants
psilocybin helped more over a 6 week period and showed less depressive symptoms
sobriety and the self
meditaion and yoga can achieve piece of mind
psychology of flow
joyous parts when they engage in something difficult being active and perusing something interesting
listen to music vs playing music
going through something calms us
active not passive when we stretch our body and minds to its limits
8 features of flow
doing tasks
if too hard = anxiety
too esay - bored
develop the self
massive effects on deppresion and axiety
robin l carharrt harris on drugs and mental health
- hopeful and cautious about use of psychedelic drugs in psychiatric research
- psilocybin could become an early treatment for depprssion
- psilocybin could be better than anti deppressents
Guy M Goodwin on psychedelics for mental ilnesses
- sceptic but open minded
- trials first
- defo difficult to implent it, cant forget this
- should drugs be legal
strengths of research of psychedelics
- clinical, double blind trials
- strong bc ethics is hard
- promising effects
- compliments psychology thats all ready implace well
limitations if research on psychedelics
- small sample
- correct dosage?
- should it be legal at home
