self and others Flashcards
different periods/societal movements that have influenced our view of the self
secularisation
enlightenemnt - (challenge monarchy and class system)
industrial revolution
psychanalysis - its impossible to have complete knowledge of the self
how did darwin influence the understanding of the self
origin of species, humans are animals and are a part of the evolutionary change sharing ancestry with animals.
jungs contribution to the self
person in the shadow, we create a person for others whilst consealing our true selves
Bukowski
being alone is fullfiling for human nature
dennet
self is real / a concept
mary wollstonecraft
changes in eductaion for women, how we raise chidlren generally and priortising womens rights
what is the mirror dot test
tested on animals and young childre, look into a mirror do they realise there is a dot on their face when looking in the mirror and do they realise that it is themselves they are looking at. how developed is their understanding of the self?
how do chidlren become aware of themselves
reach for objects and begin to realise theyre in the same situation as this object. identification -> permeneance and then self consciousness.
adult development
wokring out where you fit in society
maslows hiearcy of needs
physiological,safety,love,self esteem and self-actualisation.
ikigai
balancing of our human needs, when they are balanced you find ikigai
what is symbolic interactionism
self-concept comes from society and is modified through interactions.
looking glass self
Looking at ourselves from an outside perspective, what do we think others think about us, does this influence how we think of ourselves?
ocial comparison theory
downwards social comparisons is comparing ourselves to people less than us to feel better and upward social comparisons is the opposite to motive us (bad for self-esteem).
self perception theory
gain knowledge of ourself by reflecting on our behaviour, do we attend classes etc does this make us a good student rather than comparing ourselves to others.
objective self-concsciousnes
comparisions between who you are and who you would like to be
self discrepancy theory
part one - actual self - who we are now - ideal, future self - ought self, who we think we should be. Part two —> it can be hard to realise who we are, can lead to feeling low because we need to change ourself. we use self regulation to change ourselves.
temporal discounting
how much we want something changes in the function of time. This is in relation to self control, how much control do we have, can we wait for things.
e.g., would we rather have one hundered punds now or 200 pounds in five years
instant gratification study
children marshmallow, if you wait get more, impulsive kids just eat them others wait. correlation of how long they wait relates to performance in school. then looked at them fort years later and it predicted their performance in a psychology test on impulse control.
self control as a muscle
its important for success in life. if we exert self control we get tired but it works better in the long term. just like a muscle gets tired but stronger over time.
attentional bias to the self study
when faintly name said in loud convo they could tend to hear it.
had to say adjactives that remined them of them or other people they also had to state wether these adjectives had laredy been said, better recall at words taht described themselves.
what is corrospondence bias
making an inference about a persons disposition whilst failing to acknowledge situational factors that are influencing the situation
example of correspondence bias
assuming someone is rude because they rush past you when actually they were running to help someone et
spending time alone to reveal the self
to an extent, loneliness and solitude can be beneficial for learning about the self
