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A&P FT300 > Spermatogenesis and oogenesis > Flashcards

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis Flashcards

0
Q

How many chromosomes does Primary spermatocyte has

A

46 (2n)

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1
Q

Definition of spermatogenesis

A

Is the process by which the seminferous tubule of the testes produce haploid sperm.
Begins at puberty
Takes 65-75 days

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2
Q

How many chromosomes does secondary spermatocyte has

A

23 (n), haploid

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3
Q

how many chromosome a spermatid has

A

23 (n) haploid

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4
Q

How many chromosomes a spermatogonium has

A

46 (2n) Diploid.

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5
Q

What differentiates into spermatogonium

A

Primordial germ cell

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6
Q

When and where Primordial germ cell migrate from yolk sac?

A

To testes at 5 th week of fetal development

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7
Q

When spermatogonium wakes up?

A

Puberty

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8
Q

Process of spermiogenesis

A

-Spherical spermids transform into elongated, slender sperm
- Sertoli cells dispose of excess cytoplasm
- sperm are released from the Sertoli cells, a process known as spermiation
sperm (not able to swim yet) are released into the lumen of the semiferous tubles and are pushed through the tubules by fluid produced by Sertoli cells

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9
Q

What is called when sperm are released from the Sertoli cells

A

Spermiation

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10
Q

What does the head of sperm contain

A

Acrosome

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11
Q

What is in Acrosome

A

Enzyme (hyalurondinase and proteases) that help the sperm penetrate the 2nd oocyte

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12
Q

What does the tail of sperm contain

A

Flagellum used for locomotion

Mitochondria that form ATP for locomotion

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13
Q

how many sperm are produced a day and how long can it live after being ejaculated?

A

300 million per day, once ejaculated, 48 hours within the female reproductive tract

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14
Q

what is the secondary male sex characteristics

A 
Sexual behavior and libido
Male metabolism (bone and muscle mass heavier)
Deepening of the voice
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15
Q

Definition of oogenesis

A

formation of gametes on the ovaries

Begins in females BEFORE birth

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16
Q

What migrate from yolk sac to ovaries

A

Primordial germ cells

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17
Q

What primordial germ cells differentiate

A

into oogonia/oogonium (singular) (Diploid 2n)
produce millions of germ cells mitotically
most degenerate by Atresia before birth

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18
Q

What is the degenerating process of primary oocyte and germ cells

A

Atresia
At birth 200,000-2,000,000 primary oocytes in each ovary,
at puberty 40,000
mature and ovulate 400

19
Q

What is surrounding single layer of follicular cells

A

Primordial follicles

20
Q

what surrounds primordial follicle and what does it contain

A

Ovarian cortex and contains collagen and fibres and stromal cells (fibroblast - like)

21
Q

what does Sertoli cell sdo

A

Form blood testis barrier
support developing sperm cells
produce fluid and control release of sperm into lumen
Secrete inhibin which slows sperm production by inhibiting FSH

22
Q

what leydig cells secrete

A

testosterone in between tubles

23
Q

sequence of spermatogenesis

A

Primordial germ cells -> spermatogonia - (mitosis) -> primary spermatocytes -(meiosis I) at puberty -> secondary spermatocytes -(meiosis II) -> spermatids - (Spermiogenesis) -> Sperm (spermatozoon)

24
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulate what to secrete what

A

Anterior pituitary gland to secretion follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)

25
Q

What does Luteinizing hormone do

A

Assists permatogenesis and stimulates leydig cells to production of testosterone

26
Q

What does Follicle stimulating hormone do

A

with testosterone, stimulates Sertoli cell to secrete Androgen binding protein to keep hormones level high for spermatogenesis

27
Q

Which hormone stimulates final steps of spermatogenesis

A

Testosterone

28
Q

Testosterone is produced by

A

Leydig cells

Too much testosterone will inhibit LH to self regulate

29
Q

Inhibin is secreted by

A

Sustentacular (Sertoli) cell

Inhibit FSH

30
Q

Reproductive system ducts in Testes

A

Seminiferous tubules - > straight tubules -> rete testis -> efferent ducts -> ductus epididymis

31
Q

Histology of a Graafian Follicle

What is clear area between oocyte and granulosa cells

A

Zona pellucida

32
Q

What is granulosa cells attached to zona pellucida

A

Corona radiata

33
Q

Formed by granulosa cells secreting follicular fluid

A

Antrum

34
Q

What stage oocyte has reached before secondary oocyte

A

Metaphase of meiosis II and stops

35
Q

what Theca interna cells secrete

A

estrogen

36
Q

What is the theca externa

A

Outer layer of stromal cells and collagen fibers

37
Q

What does FSH in female initiate

A

Growth of follicles

38
Q

What secretes estrogen

A

Follicles

39
Q

What does Luteinizing hormone in female initiate

A

Ovulation and promotes formation of the corpus luteum

40
Q

What does corpus luteum secrete

A

Estrogen, progesterone, relaxin and inhibin

41
Q

What does Estrogen do

A

Promote development and maintenance of female reproductive structures, female secondary sex characteristics and breasts
Increase protein anabolism
Lower blood cholesterol
Moderate levels inhibit release of GnRH, FSH and LH (Follicular phase)
High level will promote GnRH and LH to trigger ovulation (Luteal phase)

42
Q

What does Progesterone do

A

Works with estrogens to prepare endometrium for implantation
prepares mammary glands to secrete milk
Inhibits release of GnRH and LH

43
Q

What does relaxin do

A

Inhibits contractions of uterine smooth muscles

During labor, increases flexibility of pubic symphysis and dilates uterine cervix

44
Q

What does inhibin do

A

Inhibits release of FSH and to a lesser extent LH

A&P FT300 (13 decks)

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