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A&P FT300 > Female reproductive system > Flashcards

Female reproductive system Flashcards

0
Q

Transport 2 oocyte to uterus

A

Uterine Tubes

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1
Q

produce oocytes and hormones

A

Overies

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2
Q

Site of implantation of fertilized ovum, development of fetus and labour

A

Uterus

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3
Q

receives penis, passageway for birth

A

Vagina

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4
Q

synthesize, secrete and eject milk to nourish new born

A

Mammary Glands

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5
Q

Overies

A

paired glands resemble unshelled almonds in size and shape

Homologus to the testes

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6
Q

Ovaries function

A
  1. produce gametes secondary oocytes that develop into mature ova (eggs), a process called “oogenesis”
  2. Produce hormones include progesterone and estrogens (female sex hormones) inhibin and relaxin
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7
Q

Each ovary consists of

A 
germinal epithelium
Tunica albugenia - dense irregular connected tissue
Ovarian cortex - dense irregular CT consists of stromal cells consists of ovarian follicles
Ovarian medulla -
Ovarian follicles
Mature (Graafian) follicle
Corpus luteum (yellow body)
Corpus albicans
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8
Q

Tunica albugenia

A

dense irregular Connected tissue

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9
Q

Ovarian cortex

A

dense irregular connected tissue consists of stromal cells consists of ovarian follicles

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10
Q

Ovarian medulla

A

deep to cortex/contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

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11
Q

Ovarian follicles

A

consist of oocytes with surrounding cells (1 layer) called follicular cell, later called “granulosa cells” (several days)

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12
Q

Mature (graafian) follicle

A

Large fluid filled follicle ready to rupture and release 2 oocyte - called ovulation

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13
Q

Corpus luteum (yellow body)

A

contains remnants of mature follicle, produces progesterone, estrogen relaxin and inhibin until it becomes scar tissue called corpus albicans

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14
Q

Corpus albiacans

A

fibrous scar tissue

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15
Q

Germinal epithelium

A

covers the surface of the ovary. It is followed by the tunica albuginea, ovarian cortex contains ovarian follicles

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16
Q

suspends uterus to ovaries from side wall of pelvis by the mesovarius

A

broad ligament

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17
Q

anchors ovaries to uterus

A

ovarian ligament

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18
Q

attaches ovaries to pelvic wall

A

suspensory ligament

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19
Q

entrance/exit for blood vessels and nerves

A

hilum

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20
Q

Attaches ovaries to inguinal canal

A

Round ligament

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21
Q

4 parts of Uterine tubes

A
  1. Infundibulum - funnel shaped portion close to ovary
  2. Ampulla - lateral 2/3
  3. Isthmus - more medial, short narrow thick walled that joins uterus
  4. Fimbriae - finger-like projections
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22
Q

Uterine Tube function

A
  1. Fimbriae sweep oocyte into tube
  2. Cilia and peristalsis move it along
  3. sperm reaches oocyte in ampulla
  4. fertilization occurs within 24 hours after ovulation
  5. zygote reaches uterus about 7 days after ovulation
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23
Q

Histology of Uterine tube

A 
Mucosa = ciliated columnar epithelium with secretory cells provide nutrients
Muscularis = circular and longitudinal smooth muscle - peristalsis helps move ovum down to the uterus
Serosa= outer serous membrane
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24
Q

Uterus function

A

an organ the size and shape of an inverted pear tha functions in the transport of spermatozoa, menstruation, implantation of a fertilized ovum, development of a fetus during pregnancy, and labor
3 inches long by 2 in wide and 1 in thick

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25
Q

Anatomical subdivisions of uterus

A

fundus
body
cervix
Contains uterine cavity accessed by cervical canal (internal and external os)

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26
Q

what are cervical Mucus made of

A

A mixture of water, glycoproteins, lipids, enzymes, and inorganic salts produced by secretory cells of the cervix

Helps with Capacitation: causes sperm cell tail to beat more vigorously

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27
Q

What happens Cervical mucus is more think or thin

A

When thin, is more receptive to sperm
When thick, forms a cervical plug that physically impedes sperm penetration
Mucus supplements the energy needs of sperm

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28
Q

normal projection of uterus over the bladder

A

Anteflexion

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29
Q

Posterior tilting of the uterus

A

Retroflexion

30
Q

Downward displacement of the uterus

A

Uterine Prolapse
It has many causes and may be characterized as first degree (mild), second degree (marked), and third degree (complete). treat depens on the degree of prolapse

31
Q

Surgical removal of the uterus

A

Hysterectomy most common gynecological procedure

32
Q

Indication for Hysterectomy

A 
Endometriosis (the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus the tissue enters the pelvic cavity via the open uterine tubes and may be found in any of several sites on ovaries, etc)
Ovarian cysts
Excessive bleeding
Cancer of cervix, uterus or ovaries
Complete hysterectomy removes cervix
33
Q

Degree of Hysterectomy

A
  1. Partial: body of uterus removed, cervix left in place
  2. Complete: body and cervix removed
  3. Radical: body, cervix, uterine tubes, possibly ovaries, superior vagina, pelvic lymph nodes, supporting structures (ligaments)
34
Q

Blood supply to Uterus

A

Uterine arteries branch as arcuate arteries and radial arteries that supply the myometrium
Straight and spiral branches penetrate to the endometrium

35
Q

What spiral arteries supply

A

Stratum functionalis

Their constriction due to hormonal changes starts menstrual cycle

36
Q

Vagina function

A

As a passage way for sperm and menstrual flow, the receptable of the penis during sexual intercourse and the lower portion of the birth canal
4 inch long tubular, fibromuscular organ lined with muscous membrane that ending at cervix
Situated between urinary bladder and rectum

37
Q

Vagina histology

A

The mucosa of vagina is continuous with that of the uterus and lies in a series of transverse folds called rugae

Mucosa dendritic cells are Antigen presenting cells that participate in the transmission of viruses (such as HIV) to a female during intercourse with an infected male.

The mucosa contains large stores of glycogen which decompose into organic acids which set up a hostile acid environment for sperm

38
Q

What does Mucosa of vagina contain?

A

large stores of glycogen - decompose to acids to kill sperm

39
Q

Structures of Vagina

A

Fornix recess that surrounds the vaginal Attachment to the cervix, where contraceptive diaphragm sits
Mucosa continuous with that of uterus
Mucosal tissue lies in a series folds called rugae

40
Q

External genitilia of female

A

Vulva, aka Pundenum

41
Q

Structure of Vulva

A
  1. Mons pubis
  2. Labia Majora
  3. Labia minora
  4. Clitoris
  5. vestibule
  6. vaginal orifice
  7. ext. urethral orifice
  8. paraurethral gland
  9. greater vestibular glands
  10. Bulb of the vestibule
42
Q

Fatty pad over the pubic symphysis

A

Mons pubis

43
Q

Folds of skin encircling vestibule where find urethral and vaginal openings

A

Labia majora and minora

44
Q

Small mass of erectile tissue

A

Clitoris

45
Q

Masses of erectile tissue just deep to the labia on either side of the vaginal orifice

A

Bulb of vestibule

46
Q

Labia majora is homologous to

A

scrotum

47
Q

Labia minora homologous to

A

spongy urethra

48
Q

Vestibule homologous to

A

Membranous urethra

49
Q

Praurethral gland homologous to

A

Prostate

50
Q

Greater vestibular glands homologous to

A

bulbourethral glands

51
Q

Bulb of the vestibule homologous to

A

corpus spongiosum and bulb of the penis in males

52
Q

Diamond shaped area between the thighs in both sexes

A

Perineum

53
Q

Perineum two triangles

A

Urogenital triangle and anal triangle

Contains external genitals and the anus

54
Q

Boundaries of Perineum

A

Anti pubis symphysis, posterior coccyx, lateral ischial tuberosity

55
Q

During child delivery, perineal cut made with surgical scissors

A

Episiotomy

56
Q

Modified sudoriferous glands contained within each breast that produce milk

A

Mammary glands

57
Q

What kind of glands mamary glands have?

A

Modified sudoriferous glands

58
Q

How many lobes do mammary glands have>

A

15-20 lobes separated by adipose tissue
Each lobe has smaller compartnments called lobules composed of grape like clusters of milk-secreting glands called alveoli

59
Q

grape like clusters of milk secreting glands

A

alveoli

60
Q

the synthesis, secretion and ejection of milk

A

lactation

61
Q

Structures of Mammary Glands

A 
Myoepithelial cells
Secondary tubules
Mammary ducts
Lactiferous sinuses
areola
alveoli
Suspensory ligaments
62
Q

pigmented area around nipple

A

areola

63
Q

Milk secreting cells found in clusters within lobules

A

Alveoli

64
Q

surround alveoli and promote milk expression

A

Myoepithelial cells

65
Q

Connect alveoli to the nipple

A

Mammary ducts

66
Q

an expansion of the mammary duct that accumulates milk and the base of the nipple

A

Lactiferous sinuses

67
Q

Suspend breast from deep fascia of pectoral muscles (aging & cooper’s droop)

A

Suspensory ligaments

68
Q

most common cause of breast lump

A

Fibrocystic disease
one or more cysts (fluid-filled sacs)
Thickening of alveoli (clusters of milk-secreting cells develop)

69
Q

Cause of Fibrocystic disease

A

hormonal imbalance
Excess of estrogen or deficiency of progesterone in the postovullatory phase
Result is lumpy, swollen and tender breast a week before menstruation begins

70
Q

Surgical procedure to increase breast size and shape

A

Breast Augmentation
filled with saline or silicone gel
Implant under breast tissue or pec major muscle

71
Q

A surgical procedure that removes fat, skin and glandular tissue to reduce breast size

A

Breast reduction

72
Q

Which age group most common with fibrocystic diseases

A

30-50

A&P FT300 (13 decks)

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