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Livestock Reproduction 333 > Spermatogenesis > Flashcards

Spermatogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term semen refer to?

A

Spermatozoa and secretions from the accessory glands

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2
Q

What shape are fully formed spermatozoa heads and what do they contain?

A

Flattened shaped and contain the nucleus

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3
Q

What is the spermatatozoa covered by?

A

Plasma membrane

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4
Q

What three parts of the tail is the spermatozoa made up of?

A

middle, principal and end pieces

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5
Q

What is the double walled structure between the anterior portion of the sperm head and the plasma membrane?

A

Acrosomal cap

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6
Q

Where in the sperm is the DNA contained and in what form?

A

1N chromosome is in the nucleus in the head of the sperm resulting from meiotic cell division

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7
Q

The socket at the neck of the sperm is called?

A

implantation socket

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8
Q

What is the central core of the middle piece of the sperm tail called?

A

Axoneme

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9
Q

What is the axoneme composed of?

A

9 pairs of microtubules around 2 central filaments (In the middle piece this is also surrounded by 9 outer course fibers)

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10
Q

Describe Spermatogenesis.

A

Occurs in the Seminiferous tubules and consists of all cellular transformation in developing germ cells.

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11
Q

Describe Spermocytogenesis.

A

Mitotic divisions involving proliferation and maintenance of the spermatogonia

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12
Q

Meiosis is important for what?

A

Assuring genetic diversity

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13
Q

Spermiogenesis is what?

A

transformation of spherical spermatids into differentiated spermatozoa

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14
Q

What part of Spermatogenesis takes place in the Basal Area?

A

Proliferation

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15
Q

Where does Proliferation occur?

A

Basement membrane in the Basel Area

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16
Q

What stages are there in Proliferation?

A

Spermatogonia A1-A4, Spermatogonia I, Spermatogonia B

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17
Q

What stages of Spermatogenisis occur in the adluminal area?

A

Meiosis and Differentnition

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18
Q

What divisions do the Spermatogonia go through?

A

Mitotic

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19
Q

What process does the spermatocytes go through?

A

Meiosis

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20
Q

What set of the spermatocytes divides the meiosis and differetition parts of spermatogenisis

A

Secondary Spermatocytes

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21
Q

What are the most immature germ cells?

A

Spermatogonia (2N)

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22
Q

Which spermatocyte has the longest life?

A

Primary spermocyte

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23
Q

What phases does Speriogenesis consist of?

A

Golgi Phase, Cap phase, acrosomal phase and maturation phase

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24
Q

What devolps during the Golgi phase?

A

acrosomic vesicle is fused of many proacrosomic vesicles

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25
Q

What occurs in the cap phase?

A

Acrosome forms a cap over the anterior part of the nucleous

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26
Q

What happens in the acrosomal phase?

A

Acrosome spreads across the nucleous

27
Q

What happens in the Maturation phase?

A

Mitochondria are arranged in a helical fashion to form middle pieces

28
Q

Sperimation is what?

A

Release of the spermatozoa from the Sertoli cell into the ST lumen

29
Q

Generation

A

A cohort group of cells that has a similar appearance and function

30
Q

Referring to the Cycle of SE how many generations does Section I have?

A

4 generations (A-spermatogonia, 2 1 degree spermatocytes and an immature speratid

31
Q

What is different about 1-7 cycle sections and 8?

A

Only section 8 can release spermatozoa

32
Q

How many days does the SE cycle require for the bull?

A

13.5 days

33
Q

How many days does the SE cycle require for the Ram

A

10.4 days

34
Q

How many days does the SE cycle require for the Boar?

A

8.3 Days (shortest)

35
Q

How many days does the SE cycle require for the stallion?

A

12.2 days

36
Q

What is the equations to figure out the time for A-spermatogonia to become mature spermatids?

A

4.5 cycles X #days/cycle

37
Q

How many days does it take in each species to go from A-Spermatogonia to mature spermatids?

A

Bull-61 days
Ram-4.7 days
Boar-39 days
Stallion-55 days

38
Q

What does the spermatogenic wave refer to?

A

The distribution of stages along the length of the ST at a given time

39
Q

T/F

During the spermatogenic wave each stage of the SE changes to a more advanced stage.

A

True

40
Q

Where on the tubule does spermiation occur?

A

It is constantly changing along the tubule

41
Q

How does Heat stress affect the male reproductive system?

A

It decreases the rate of spermatogenesis

42
Q

Which cycle of sperm is first affected by heat stress?

A

Spermatids-most sensitive

43
Q

Why are the spermatids considered the most sensitive?

A

They are undergoing morphological changes

44
Q

Why is the Secondary spermatocyte the second to fail to heat stroke?

A

It is undergoing Meiosis

45
Q

What is the third sperm type to be affected by heat stress?

A

Primary spermatocyte

46
Q

Why does it take so long for heat stress issues to appear in the animal?

A

Because it must pass through (at least) the epididymis

47
Q

What does BTB stand for?

A

Blood Testis Barrier

48
Q

What is BTB made up of?

A

Partial barrier of myoid cells

49
Q

What divides the ST into 2 compartments?

A

Sertoli-Sertoli junctions

50
Q

What does the basal compartment contain?

A

Spermatogonia and immature spermatocytes

51
Q

What does the adluminal compartment contain?

A

More advanced spermatocytes and spermatids

52
Q

Fully formed spermatozoa tails contain what?

A

The tail contains the apparatus for motility

53
Q

What does the acrosome cap contain?

A

Acrosin, Hyaluronidase and other enzymes for fertilization

54
Q

What is another name for the sperm neck?

A

Capitulum

55
Q

Describe the Basal plate.

A

Continues with the 9 outer course fibers that project throughout the tail.

56
Q

What gives rise to the spermatids?

A

Primary and secondary spermatocytes

57
Q

Which germ cell has the longest life span?

A

Primary spermatocyte

58
Q

Which germ cell has the shortest life span?

A

Secondary spermatocyte

59
Q

What is the cytoplasmic droplet composed of?

A

Residual cytoplasm

60
Q

What are the 3 types of spermatogonia?

A

A spermatogonia
I spermatogonia
B spermatogonia

61
Q

What do the A spermatogonia undergo and they progress from what stages?

A

Mitotic divisions and progress from A1 to A4

62
Q

Describe the purpose of the Stem cells.

A

A pool of stem cells is always maintained and divide mitotically to always have a source of A spermatogonia

63
Q

What is the last mitotic division?

A

When B spermatogonia form 1o spermatocytes

64
Q

What compartment do all mitotic divisions occur?

A

Basal

Livestock Reproduction 333 (16 decks)

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