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Livestock Reproduction 333 > Female Repro System > Flashcards

Female Repro System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the organs of the female reproduction tract.

A

ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina and external genitalia (vulva)

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2
Q

Name the three sections of the broad ligament.

A
  • Mesovarium
  • Mesosalpinx
  • Mesometrium
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3
Q

What does the Mesovarium support?

A

The ovaries

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4
Q

What does the Mesosalpinx support?

A

Oviduct

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5
Q

What does the Mesometrium support?

A

Uterus

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6
Q

Where is the broad ligament located in cattle and sheep?

A

Dorsolateral in the ileum region.

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7
Q

What organs are supported by the broad ligament?

A

ovaries, oviducts, and uterus

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8
Q

Which ducts will fuse together to form uterus, cervix and anterior part of the vagina.

A

Mullerian

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9
Q

Which organ performs the exocrine and endocrine functions?

A

Ovary

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10
Q

Which hormones does the ovary produce?

A

Estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin, inhibin, activin,relaxin

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11
Q

What is short for estrogen?

A

E2

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12
Q

What is short for progesterone?

A

P4

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13
Q

What is the central part of the ovary called?

A

Medulla

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14
Q

What does the medulla consist of?

A

Vasuculature, nerves and lymphatics.

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15
Q

What is different about the medulla in a mare?

A

the cortex and medulla are reversed

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16
Q

At what point does ovulation occur in the mare?

A

ovulation fossa

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17
Q

Describe the Tunica Albuginea.

A

outer connective tissue over the ovaries.

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18
Q

What is between the tunica albuginea and the ovary?

A

ovarian cortex

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19
Q

Where does ovulation occur in the ovaries in cows, ewes and sows?

A

Random locations

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20
Q

How are oogonia produced?

A

mitotic division

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21
Q

What do oogonia form when in mitotic division? And what is the process?

A

oocytes-arrested in prophase

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22
Q

Atresia is what?

A

Death of the cells-reduces the number of oocytes at the time of birth-further reduces at puberty

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23
Q

Which layer surrounds the primary oocyte at birth?

A

Primordial Follicle

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24
Q

What does the Primordial Follicle develop into?

A

it advances into a primary follicle.

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25
Q

What does the term hysterectomy mean?

A

Surgical removal of the uterus (derived from Platos notion that the uterus was an organ that could wander around the body)

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26
Q

How is the primary follicle characterized?

A

an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cubical follicular cells.

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27
Q

What is the center of a follicle called?

A

Nucleus

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28
Q

List the process of a follicles.

A

Primordial Follicle, Primary Follicle, Secondary (2) follicle, tertiary (3) follicle and preovulatory follicle

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29
Q

What is another name for the Preovulatory Follicle?

A

Graffian Follicle

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30
Q

What three layers make up the (3) follicles?

A

Theca Externa, Theca interna and granculosa layer

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31
Q

Describe the Theca Externa

A

Connective tissue and surrounds and supports the ovary

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32
Q

Describe the Theca Interna

A

Just beneath the theca externa and responds to Lh and makes androgens

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33
Q

What are the granculosa cells?

A

Are underneath the theca interna and are seperated by the basement membrane. Respond to FSH and make estrogen, inhibin and follicular fluid.

34
Q

What is the difference between the secondary and the tertiary follicle?

A

Tertiary has an Antrum

35
Q

What happens after the dominant follicle ovulates and the small blood vessels break?

A

The theca is pushed to the apex of the follicle and the structure is called a corpus hemorrhagicum (CH)

36
Q

What become luteal cells and form the corpus luteum?

A

theca interna and granulosa cells

37
Q

What does the CL produce?

A

Progesterone (P4)

38
Q

As the Cl regresses it becomes a pale brown or white called what?

A

Corpus Albicans

39
Q

What four segments is the Oviduct divided into?

A

Fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

40
Q

What is the largest part of the oviduct?

A

Ampulla taking over 1/2 the length

41
Q

What is the name for the opening of the ampulla?

A

Ostium

42
Q

What is the junction between the ampulla and isthmus?

A

ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ)

43
Q

What is unique about the AIJ in the mare?

A

It only allows fertilized oocytes to pass through

44
Q

At what point does the uterus directly connect to the isthmus?

A

Uterotubal junction (U-T)

45
Q

What is different about the U-T in cows and ewes?

A

There is a flexure in the U-T during estrus

46
Q

Why does the oviduct have a smooth muscle?

A

Transport the ovulated oocytes and sperm to the ampulla

47
Q

What part of the oviduct does the fertilization take place?

A

Ampulla

48
Q

Name the 4 purposes for the oviductal fluid.

A

Capacitation, Hyperactivation, fertilization and preimplantation devolpment

49
Q

What is capacitation?

A

Process the sperm must go through to be able to fertilize

50
Q

What is hyperactivation?

A

The sperm begin swimming rapidly to increase the chances of running into an egg

51
Q

List the three types of uterui and their characteristics.

A

Duplex-Two horns, two cervixes (Rabbits)
Bicornuate-Two horns, one cervix (mare, cows, sheep etc)
Simplex-One cervix, no horn (humans)

52
Q

What are the functions of the cervix?

A

Produce mucus (Cows and ewes), Guard against bacteria, facilitate sperm transport

53
Q

What is the serosal layer of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium

54
Q

What two muscle layers make up the myometrium of the uterus?

A

longitudinal layer and circular muscle under it. They run perpendicular to each other for more strength.

55
Q

Why is muscle so important in the Uterus?

A

It has to expel the young with contractions

56
Q

Describe the myometrial tone.

A

Under the influence of E2 (estrus) the uterus feels firm. With P4 influences it feels flacid (anestrus)

57
Q

What two parts make up the endometrum?

A

mucosa and submucosa

58
Q

What happens to uterine glands under the influence of E2 and P4?

A

They coil under an E2 influence and reach full secretory capacity with P4

59
Q

Name the functions of the uterus

A

Sperm Transport, Luteolytic Mechanisms, Gestation and Partuition

60
Q

Describe the differences of the caruncles in the different species.

A

sheep and cows have ceruncles that devolop into the maternal portion of the placenta. Sows and horses have endometrial folds instead that provide space for the placenta

61
Q

What is the suburethral diverticulum and what species is it in?

A

Sow and cows have a blind pouch ventral to urethral opening remaining from the duct systems

62
Q

The vestibule is a portion of which organ?

A

The vagina

63
Q

What are the Garters ducts?

A

Blind sacs that are the remnants of the Wolffian duct

64
Q

Stimulation of the clitoris increases conception rates in cows by how much?

A

6% in beef cows

65
Q

Vestibular Glands play what role in the repro system?

A

Secrete a mucus like material during estrus

66
Q

What is the primary tissue of the ovary?

A

ovarian cortex

67
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

In the Ampulla of the Oviduct

68
Q

Where does gametogenesis occur?

A

Ovary

69
Q

What is the outer part of the ovary called in cattle, sheep and swine?

A

The cortex

70
Q

What does the cortex contain?

A

Ovarian structures (Follicles and Corpora lutea)

71
Q

What happens at the ovarian cortex?

A

Ovulation in sheep, cows and pigs

72
Q

What do follicles contain?

A

The oocyte

73
Q

What is the primary follicle made up of?

A

Oocyte and a single layer of cubical follicle cells

74
Q

What is the primordial follicle made of?

A

Oocyte and a single layer of flattened cells

75
Q

What is the secondary follicle made up of?

A

Oocyte, Zonnapelussa and 2 more layers of follicular cells

76
Q

What makes up the Tertiary follicles?

A

Oocyte, Zonnapullsa, Antrum and more layers of follicular cells

77
Q

Which follicle can develop into the dominant preovulatory/Graffian follicle

A

Antral

78
Q

What makes up the ovarian structures CH, CL, CA

A

Follicular cells remaining after ovulation morph into the structures

79
Q

What are the contraction functions of the oviduct?

A
  • Mix oviduct contents
  • Help remove the ova of remaining follicular cells
  • Increases sperm-ova contact
  • Regulates ova transport
80
Q

List the External Genitalia.

A

Vulva, Labia, Perineum, Clitorus, Vestibular Gland

Livestock Reproduction 333 (16 decks)

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