Female Repro System Flashcards
Name the organs of the female reproduction tract.
ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina and external genitalia (vulva)
Name the three sections of the broad ligament.
- Mesovarium
- Mesosalpinx
- Mesometrium
What does the Mesovarium support?
The ovaries
What does the Mesosalpinx support?
Oviduct
What does the Mesometrium support?
Uterus
Where is the broad ligament located in cattle and sheep?
Dorsolateral in the ileum region.
What organs are supported by the broad ligament?
ovaries, oviducts, and uterus
Which ducts will fuse together to form uterus, cervix and anterior part of the vagina.
Mullerian
Which organ performs the exocrine and endocrine functions?
Ovary
Which hormones does the ovary produce?
Estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin, inhibin, activin,relaxin
What is short for estrogen?
E2
What is short for progesterone?
P4
What is the central part of the ovary called?
Medulla
What does the medulla consist of?
Vasuculature, nerves and lymphatics.
What is different about the medulla in a mare?
the cortex and medulla are reversed
At what point does ovulation occur in the mare?
ovulation fossa
Describe the Tunica Albuginea.
outer connective tissue over the ovaries.
What is between the tunica albuginea and the ovary?
ovarian cortex
Where does ovulation occur in the ovaries in cows, ewes and sows?
Random locations
How are oogonia produced?
mitotic division
What do oogonia form when in mitotic division? And what is the process?
oocytes-arrested in prophase
Atresia is what?
Death of the cells-reduces the number of oocytes at the time of birth-further reduces at puberty
Which layer surrounds the primary oocyte at birth?
Primordial Follicle
What does the Primordial Follicle develop into?
it advances into a primary follicle.
What does the term hysterectomy mean?
Surgical removal of the uterus (derived from Platos notion that the uterus was an organ that could wander around the body)
How is the primary follicle characterized?
an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cubical follicular cells.
What is the center of a follicle called?
Nucleus
List the process of a follicles.
Primordial Follicle, Primary Follicle, Secondary (2) follicle, tertiary (3) follicle and preovulatory follicle
What is another name for the Preovulatory Follicle?
Graffian Follicle
What three layers make up the (3) follicles?
Theca Externa, Theca interna and granculosa layer
Describe the Theca Externa
Connective tissue and surrounds and supports the ovary
Describe the Theca Interna
Just beneath the theca externa and responds to Lh and makes androgens
What are the granculosa cells?
Are underneath the theca interna and are seperated by the basement membrane. Respond to FSH and make estrogen, inhibin and follicular fluid.
What is the difference between the secondary and the tertiary follicle?
Tertiary has an Antrum
What happens after the dominant follicle ovulates and the small blood vessels break?
The theca is pushed to the apex of the follicle and the structure is called a corpus hemorrhagicum (CH)
What become luteal cells and form the corpus luteum?
theca interna and granulosa cells
What does the CL produce?
Progesterone (P4)
As the Cl regresses it becomes a pale brown or white called what?
Corpus Albicans
What four segments is the Oviduct divided into?
Fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
What is the largest part of the oviduct?
Ampulla taking over 1/2 the length
What is the name for the opening of the ampulla?
Ostium
What is the junction between the ampulla and isthmus?
ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ)
What is unique about the AIJ in the mare?
It only allows fertilized oocytes to pass through
At what point does the uterus directly connect to the isthmus?
Uterotubal junction (U-T)
What is different about the U-T in cows and ewes?
There is a flexure in the U-T during estrus
Why does the oviduct have a smooth muscle?
Transport the ovulated oocytes and sperm to the ampulla
What part of the oviduct does the fertilization take place?
Ampulla
Name the 4 purposes for the oviductal fluid.
Capacitation, Hyperactivation, fertilization and preimplantation devolpment
What is capacitation?
Process the sperm must go through to be able to fertilize
What is hyperactivation?
The sperm begin swimming rapidly to increase the chances of running into an egg
List the three types of uterui and their characteristics.
Duplex-Two horns, two cervixes (Rabbits)
Bicornuate-Two horns, one cervix (mare, cows, sheep etc)
Simplex-One cervix, no horn (humans)
What are the functions of the cervix?
Produce mucus (Cows and ewes), Guard against bacteria, facilitate sperm transport
What is the serosal layer of the uterus?
Perimetrium
What two muscle layers make up the myometrium of the uterus?
longitudinal layer and circular muscle under it. They run perpendicular to each other for more strength.
Why is muscle so important in the Uterus?
It has to expel the young with contractions
Describe the myometrial tone.
Under the influence of E2 (estrus) the uterus feels firm. With P4 influences it feels flacid (anestrus)
What two parts make up the endometrum?
mucosa and submucosa
What happens to uterine glands under the influence of E2 and P4?
They coil under an E2 influence and reach full secretory capacity with P4
Name the functions of the uterus
Sperm Transport, Luteolytic Mechanisms, Gestation and Partuition
Describe the differences of the caruncles in the different species.
sheep and cows have ceruncles that devolop into the maternal portion of the placenta. Sows and horses have endometrial folds instead that provide space for the placenta
What is the suburethral diverticulum and what species is it in?
Sow and cows have a blind pouch ventral to urethral opening remaining from the duct systems
The vestibule is a portion of which organ?
The vagina
What are the Garters ducts?
Blind sacs that are the remnants of the Wolffian duct
Stimulation of the clitoris increases conception rates in cows by how much?
6% in beef cows
Vestibular Glands play what role in the repro system?
Secrete a mucus like material during estrus
What is the primary tissue of the ovary?
ovarian cortex
Where does fertilization occur?
In the Ampulla of the Oviduct
Where does gametogenesis occur?
Ovary
What is the outer part of the ovary called in cattle, sheep and swine?
The cortex
What does the cortex contain?
Ovarian structures (Follicles and Corpora lutea)
What happens at the ovarian cortex?
Ovulation in sheep, cows and pigs
What do follicles contain?
The oocyte
What is the primary follicle made up of?
Oocyte and a single layer of cubical follicle cells
What is the primordial follicle made of?
Oocyte and a single layer of flattened cells
What is the secondary follicle made up of?
Oocyte, Zonnapelussa and 2 more layers of follicular cells
What makes up the Tertiary follicles?
Oocyte, Zonnapullsa, Antrum and more layers of follicular cells
Which follicle can develop into the dominant preovulatory/Graffian follicle
Antral
What makes up the ovarian structures CH, CL, CA
Follicular cells remaining after ovulation morph into the structures
What are the contraction functions of the oviduct?
- Mix oviduct contents
- Help remove the ova of remaining follicular cells
- Increases sperm-ova contact
- Regulates ova transport
List the External Genitalia.
Vulva, Labia, Perineum, Clitorus, Vestibular Gland
