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Livestock Reproduction 333 > Male Repro System > Flashcards

Male Repro System Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone will dominate in the animal causing the Wolffian ducts to grow?

A

Testosterone (estrogen in the female)

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2
Q

What hormones do the testes produce?

A

Estrogen, testosterone, inhibin

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3
Q

What does the spermatic cord provide a pathway for?

A

Vasuculture, lymphatics, nerves and ductus deferens

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4
Q

What temperature are the testes kept at?

A

4-5 degrees lower than the body temp

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5
Q

What three parts make up the excurrent duct system?

A

Efferent ducts, epididymal ducts and vas deferens

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6
Q

What are the accessory sex glands?

A

empulla, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral gland

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7
Q

What two layers covers the testes?

A

Visceral tunica vaginalis and Tunica albuginea

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8
Q

Describe the tunica albuginea

A

Smooth muscle which under hormonal control provides a pumping action to move spermatazoa into rete testes

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9
Q

What are the rete testis?

A

Tiny channels that transports spermatozoa out of the testis

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10
Q

What is the central connective tissue core of the testes and what does it house?

A

Mediastinum and it houses the rete testes

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11
Q

What part of the testes is spermatozoa formed?

A

Seminiferous tubles

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12
Q

What are the functions of the epididymus?

A

Maturation point for sperm, store, concentrate, and as a passageway for sperm

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13
Q

What does the epididymus depend on to function

A

Androgens

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14
Q

What part of the epididymus is spermatozoa stored in the longest?

A

Tail

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15
Q

Which sperm is eligible for ejaculation in the epididymus?

A

Only the sperm in storage in the tail

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16
Q

Will sperm fertility be affected depending on ejaculation times?

A

Yes if sperm aren’t ejaculated they may decrease in quality over time

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17
Q

What is the purpose of teasing and false mounting?

A

Increase sperm removed from the tail because of the smooth muscle contractions moving sperm into the vas defrens

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18
Q

What is the cytoplasmic droplet?

A

Located near the base of the sperm head. It falls off eventually and the sperm are considered immature if ejaculated with this on it

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19
Q

What contributes seminal plasma?

A

Accessory sex glands and epidiymus

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20
Q

Describe the ampulla

A

Enlargement of the vas defrens. The boar does not have one visable

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21
Q

Is seminal plasma needed for fertilization?

A

No it just helps with mobility

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22
Q

What are the vesicular glands?

A

Paired glands that empty into the pubic urethra. In bulls and boars it adds a large portion to their ejaculate

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23
Q

What are the differences in the vesicular glands between species?

A

Bulls and Rams have lobed shaped glands
Stallion has elongated hollow pouches
Boar well developed glands

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24
Q

Where does the prostate sit?

A

between the bladder and pelvic urethra

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25
Q

What is another name for the Bulbourethral glands?

A

Cowpers

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26
Q

What are the species differences in the cowpers gland?

A

Bull, stallion and Ram have small ones

Boar has large ones and it adds a gelatious product

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27
Q

What do secretions of the accessory sex glands contain?

A
  • Fructose (Energy source for the sperm)
  • Citric Acid
  • Inositol
  • Ergothioneine
  • PG
28
Q

What are the three parts of the penis?

A

Base attached to the ischial arch, shaft and glans penis

29
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum penis?

A

An example would be the stallion and the penis surrounds the urethra and enlarges at the ischial arch

30
Q

What controls the penis length in ruminants and swine

A

Retractor penis muscle and the sigmoid flexure

31
Q

Describe the penis of the stallion.

A

Large cavernous bodies that expands with blood flow-Vascular type

32
Q

What species are the fibroelsatic penis found in?

A

Bull, Boar, Ram

33
Q

What is Intromission?

A

Entry of the penis into the vagina

34
Q

What is emission?

A

Moving the spermatic fluid along the vas defrens to be mixed with accessory gland secretions

35
Q

What four structures help temperature regulation?

A

Skin and scrotum, cremaster muscle, tunica dartos and pampinform plexus

36
Q

Which muscle courses the length of the spermatic cord?

A

Cremaster

37
Q

Which smooth muscle is able to sustain contractions longer than the striated cremaster muscle?

A

Tunica Dartos

38
Q

What is another useful tool of the tunica dartos?

A

Increases the surface area of the scrotom in hot weather and decrease in cold

39
Q

What is the name of the vascular structure of veins and arteries that assist in thermoregulation?

A

Paminform plexus

40
Q

What does the mesonephros produce?

A

Urine

41
Q

List the passage of the spermatozoa.

A

1) Made in the seminiferous tubules
2) Rete Testes
3) Efferent duct
4) Head (Capet) of the Epididymus
5) Epididymus Duct
6) Body of the Epididymus
7) Tail of the Epididymus
8) Vas deferens
9) Ampullae
10) Vesicular glands
11) Pelvic Urethra
12) Prostate Gland
13) Bulbourethral glands

42
Q

How does the scrotum assist in the thermoregulation?

A

Temperature receptors notice the changes and cause panting and sweating for cooling

43
Q

The movement of the testes up and down by the cremaster assists what other thermoregulation system?

A

Creates blood movement to assist with the pampiniform plexus

44
Q

What devolops and maintains the tunica dartos muscle?

A

Androgens

45
Q

What happens when the testes overheat?

A

Spermatogenesis will stop

Steroidogenesis will continue

46
Q

Describe the spermatic cord pathway

A

Provides a pathway for vasculature, nerves and lymphatics and vas deferens.
Spermatic cord extends from inguinal ring to the the dorsal pole of the testes

47
Q

What term is used to describe the entire count of the sperm in the epididymus, vas deferens and ampulla?

A

Exragonadal Reserves (EXG)

48
Q

What is production of the hormones in the testes called?

A

Steriodogenesis

49
Q

What is the production of sperm called?

A

Gametogenesis

50
Q

Describe the 4 steps to testes descent.

A

1) The gonad travels caudally toward the deep ingiunal ring
2) Transverses the abdominal wall until it reaches the superficial inguinal ring
3) The vaginal process occurs with a peritoneal sac extending from the body encasing gubernaculum testes ligament
4) The testes descends into the scrotum caused by abdominal pressure and contraction of the gubernaculum tests ligament

51
Q

What is the parenchyma?

A

A large tissue mass that includes the seminifourus tubules and Interstitial cells (nerves, lymphatics)

52
Q

What are the parts of the epididymus?

A

Head-Caput
Body-Corpus
Tail- Caudua

53
Q

Compare the length of epididymal transport in the species.

A

Stallion is the shortest with 9 days, ram follows 12 and the boar and bull are the longest at 14

54
Q

What changes to the cytoplasmic droplet in the epididymus?

A

It starts at the base of the sperm head and moves downward throughout its travel, its located distally on the tail of the sperm in cauda location

55
Q

Contrast the species differences of the prostate gland

A

Bull has both a corpus and disseminate
Boar is mostly disseminate
Stallion has two lateral lobes and is corpus
Ram is completely disseminate

56
Q

Define cryptorchid

A

A mature animal where one or both testes did not fully descend.

57
Q

Compare species penis types

A

Stallion has a vascular (large cavernous body that fills with blood)
Bull Boar and Ram have fibroelastic penis (smaller cavernous body, fill with less blood)

58
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum?

A

Surrounds the urethra and forms the penile bulb at the ischial arch

59
Q

What is the corpus cavernousum?

A

Extends from the ischial arch to the apex of the penis and arises as a pair crura

60
Q

Is the cremaster striated or smooth?

A

Striated

61
Q

Describe the changes of the tunic dartos in the weather.

A

In the cold it contracts to wrinkle the scrotum, causing less surface area
In the heat it relaxes to create a smooth scrotum and more surface area

62
Q

What do the Wolffian ducts develop into?

A

Rete Testes, efferent ducts, vas deferense and epididymus

63
Q

What initiates the development of the male system?

A

Testis determining factor found on the Y chromosome

64
Q

What regresses the Mullurian glands in gland origin?

A

the anitmullarian secretion from the Steriolli cells which is produced by the testes

65
Q

What are the four layers of the scrotum?

A

Skin
Tunica Dartos
Scrotal Fascia
Parietal Vaginal Tunic (PVT)

Livestock Reproduction 333 (16 decks)

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