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Livestock Reproduction 333 > Oogenesis > Flashcards

Oogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of follicular fluid?

A 
Regulate the function
Maturation of the oocyte
Prepare follicule
Stimulatory/inhibitory factors
environment for sperm capacitation
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2
Q

What are the two purposes of the ovary?

A

Cyclic production of ova

Production of steroid hormones

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3
Q

Which follicule is responsible for the largest amount of estrogen?

A

Largest follicle

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4
Q

How many follicles does each species usually ovulate?

A

Cows-One
Sheep-One or two
Sows- 20-30
Mares-One, two is more common than we think

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5
Q

What is the final follicle growth length?

A

12-34 days but could take 6 months

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6
Q

The antrum formation and final growth depend on what?

A

Gonadotropins

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7
Q

What does the hormonally induced proliferation and differentiation of theca and granulosa cells lead to?

A

Follicles become able to produce Estradiol and respond to FSH and LH

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8
Q

What will follicles that produce Estrodiol gain that is necessary for ovulation and lueinizatin?

A

LH receptors

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9
Q

What are the three Dynamics of antral follicles?

A

Recruitment
Selection
Dominance

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10
Q

What are the three purposes of the steroid hormones made by the ovary?

A

1) Maintain development of the genital tract
2) Facilitate migration of the early embryo
3) Secure embryo implantation

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11
Q

Describe the Recruitment dynamic

A

A cohort of small antral follicles begin to grow and produce E2. Some of these follicles will undergo atresia.

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12
Q

Describe the Selection dynamic.

A

The emerging of dominant follicles from the previously recruited antral follicles. They may become atretic or dominant.

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13
Q

Describe the dominance dynamic.

A

Selected follicles proceed towards becoming dominant as they make more E2 and inhibin.

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14
Q

How is dominance characterized?

A

One or more preovulatory follicles exert a major inhibtory effect on the other antral follicles from the recruited and selected cohort.

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15
Q

How long does the follicular wave take in comparison to the estrus cycle.

A

It takes 20% of the estrus cycle

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16
Q

T/F

Follicular growth and atresia occur throughout the estrus cycle.

A

True

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17
Q

What happens to follicles during metestrus?

A

A group of follicles is recruited but they become atretic

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18
Q

When can Ovulation not occur?

A

When P4 is high

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19
Q

What happens to the follicle during diestrus?

A

second follicular wave starts to develop but also undergo atresia. Makes a small amount of E2.

20
Q

What is GnRH?

A

Gonandotropin Releasing Hormone

21
Q

Where is GnRH produced?

A

The brain’s hypothalamus

22
Q

How is GnRH released when P4 is high?

A

It is released slowly, causing FSH and LH to be released slowly

23
Q

When do the third wave of follicles develop?

A

After luteolysis, and one or more follicles will develop into the preovulatory follicle

24
Q

When do follicular waves of antral follicles occur?

A

Prepubertally, during pregnancy, anestrus and postpartum recovery

25
Q

When is the second rise in FSH?

A

20-30 hours after the preovulatory surge of LH and FSH

26
Q

Cystic ovaries have high levels of what?

A

Androstenedione

27
Q

T/F Ovarian Follicle secrete numerous proteins?

A

True

28
Q

What is Follicular fluid?

A

Serum transudate that contains steroids and glycoproteins

29
Q

Where are the steroids and glycoproteins found in the follicular fluid synthesized from?

A

Follicular wall

30
Q

What happens to the hormones of large antral follicles as ovulation approaches?

A

E2 and P4 levels are high

31
Q

What are the functions of follicular fluid?

A 
Regulate granulosa cells
Prepare follicle for the corpus luteum formation
Mature the oocyte 
Ovulation
Sperm capacitation
Egg transport to the oviduct
32
Q

What makes up follicular fluid?

A

Oocyte maturation inhibitor
Relaxin
Luteinization inhibitor
Inhibin

33
Q

What are the four phases of oocyte maturation?

A

Mitotic Division, Nuclear Arrest, Cytoplasmic Growth, Resumption of Meiosis

34
Q

T/F Germ cells are mitotically divided before and after birth.

A

False only before birth. The female is born with all the eggs she will ever have

35
Q

Why is the last mitotic division important?

A

Because the new primary oocyte enters meiotic prophase

36
Q

What happens in the phase of prophase arrest?

A

Meiotic prophase is stopped and the oocyte nucleus becomes dormant until puberty

37
Q

Describe the cytoplasmic growth phase

A

The primary oocytes accumulate larger volumes of ctyoplasma and devolp the zona pellucida

38
Q

Where are Gap junctions formed?

A

Between plasma membrane oocytes and granulosa cells

39
Q

After ovulation several granulosa cells are still on the oocyte. What are these called?

A

The corona radiata

40
Q

What frees the oocyte from the granulosa layer during ovulation?

A

Cumulus cell dissociattion

41
Q

How long after the LH surge does meiosis occur?

A

3 hours

42
Q

What occurs about 2 hours before ovulation?

A

Granulosa cells penetrate through the lamina basalis and prepare for the invasion of the theca cells

43
Q

What is the stigma?

A

The area of the follicle apex that becomes thin and ruptures releasing follicular fluid and oocye

44
Q

What is needed to stimulate collagenase activity?

A

P4

45
Q

PGF2a is needed for what?

A

To rupture the follicle

46
Q

Preovulatory follicle undergo what three changes during ovulation?

A

Cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation
Disruption of cumulus cells
Thinning and rupture of the wall

Livestock Reproduction 333 (16 decks)

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