Post Test

Question 1

What are two different names used to describe the anterior and posterior gland?

Answer 1

1) Anterior pars disgalis and adenohypopysis

2) Posterier pars-nervosa and neurohypopysis

Question 2

What neurohormone is responsible for stimulating the LH surge?

Answer 2

GnRH

Question 3

What are three disadvantages of pen breeding swine compared to hand breeding?

Answer 3

1) The boar might breed the same gilt a couple times
2) Hand is less stressful for the boar
3) Exact breeding date is known

Question 4

Cervix of the sow can be determined by what physical feature?

Answer 4

corkscrew shape

Question 5

What is the estrous cycle length in ewes and goats?

Answer 5

Sheep- 17 days

Goats- 21 days

Question 6

Explain the 2 different methods to freezing embryos.

Answer 6

Equilibrium method- placed into a glycerol solution and equilibrates for 20 minutes
Non equilibrium- Rapid freezing where embryo is dehydrated

Question 7

What hormone released from the nuerohypopysis could cause regression of the CL?

Answer 7

PGF2a

Question 8

What is the progesterone block and why must it be removed for birth to happen?

Answer 8

The CL is producing P4 to prevent contractions from occurring. The fetus becomes stress and the cortical steroids produce larger amounts of E2 which removes the block and allows for contractions.

Question 9

What are the four phases of the estrous cycle?

Answer 9

Estrus, Diestrus, Metestrus, Anestrus

Question 10

What the cells and the gonadotropins involved in the 2 cell gonadotropin theory?

Answer 10

LH & FSH

Theca and granulosa Cells

Question 11

What compound is the precursor for steroids and prostaglandins?

Answer 11

Steroids- Cholesterol

Prostaglandins- Arachidonic Acid

Question 12

Ovulation is directly caused by an increase of which hormone?

Answer 12

LH

Question 13

Where does ovulation take place in the female?

Answer 13

Ampulla of the Oviduct

Question 14

What two ways can placentas be classified?

Answer 14

Chorionic villi distribution

intimacy of the tissues

Question 15

Which species has endometrial cups and what do they produce?

Answer 15

Horses and eCG

Question 16

What hypothalamic hormone can cause a pre-ovulatory surge of LH?

Answer 16

GnRH

Question 17

What steroid do the theca cells synthesize during the luteal phase of a cow?

Answer 17

LH

Question 18

How can you synchronize a group of prepubertal gilts without drugs?

Answer 18

Light and a boar exposure

Question 19

How can you tell that uterine involution is complete in a cow?

Answer 19

When the uterus is the same size as the non gravid horn

Question 20

What is the difference between spontaneous and induced ovulates?

Answer 20

Spontaneous-Regular frequency and cycles- Cow and Sow

Induced-Require simulation of the vagina or cervix-Rabbits, cats

Question 21

What organ produces melatonin and what species does it affect?

Answer 21

Pineal Gland

Horse and sheep

Question 22

Looking at Chronic villi distribution what placenta do ewes have and how is it different from primates?

Answer 22

Ewes- Cotyledonary

Humans have a discoid that have 1-2 discs on the region of the chorion

Question 23

What is progesterone priming and species does it affect?

Answer 23

In cows and sheep. Due to seasonal breeding it primes the animal with progesterone and allows estrus expression

Question 24

What are the different cell types that make up the anterior pituitary?

Answer 24

Somatothrophs, Mammotrophs, Gonodtripns, Thrythrophs, Cortictrophs

Question 25

Describe the portal blood system.

Answer 25

In the hypothalamus of the brain its main fi=unction is to provide quick transport and exchange of hormones between the nucleus and pituitary gland