Post Test Flashcards
What are two different names used to describe the anterior and posterior gland?
1) Anterior pars disgalis and adenohypopysis
2) Posterier pars-nervosa and neurohypopysis
What neurohormone is responsible for stimulating the LH surge?
GnRH
What are three disadvantages of pen breeding swine compared to hand breeding?
1) The boar might breed the same gilt a couple times
2) Hand is less stressful for the boar
3) Exact breeding date is known
Cervix of the sow can be determined by what physical feature?
corkscrew shape
What is the estrous cycle length in ewes and goats?
Sheep- 17 days
Goats- 21 days
Explain the 2 different methods to freezing embryos.
Equilibrium method- placed into a glycerol solution and equilibrates for 20 minutes
Non equilibrium- Rapid freezing where embryo is dehydrated
What hormone released from the nuerohypopysis could cause regression of the CL?
PGF2a
What is the progesterone block and why must it be removed for birth to happen?
The CL is producing P4 to prevent contractions from occurring. The fetus becomes stress and the cortical steroids produce larger amounts of E2 which removes the block and allows for contractions.
What are the four phases of the estrous cycle?
Estrus, Diestrus, Metestrus, Anestrus
What the cells and the gonadotropins involved in the 2 cell gonadotropin theory?
LH & FSH
Theca and granulosa Cells
What compound is the precursor for steroids and prostaglandins?
Steroids- Cholesterol
Prostaglandins- Arachidonic Acid
Ovulation is directly caused by an increase of which hormone?
LH
Where does ovulation take place in the female?
Ampulla of the Oviduct
What two ways can placentas be classified?
Chorionic villi distribution
intimacy of the tissues
Which species has endometrial cups and what do they produce?
Horses and eCG
What hypothalamic hormone can cause a pre-ovulatory surge of LH?
GnRH
What steroid do the theca cells synthesize during the luteal phase of a cow?
LH
How can you synchronize a group of prepubertal gilts without drugs?
Light and a boar exposure
How can you tell that uterine involution is complete in a cow?
When the uterus is the same size as the non gravid horn
What is the difference between spontaneous and induced ovulates?
Spontaneous-Regular frequency and cycles- Cow and Sow
Induced-Require simulation of the vagina or cervix-Rabbits, cats
What organ produces melatonin and what species does it affect?
Pineal Gland
Horse and sheep
Looking at Chronic villi distribution what placenta do ewes have and how is it different from primates?
Ewes- Cotyledonary
Humans have a discoid that have 1-2 discs on the region of the chorion
What is progesterone priming and species does it affect?
In cows and sheep. Due to seasonal breeding it primes the animal with progesterone and allows estrus expression
What are the different cell types that make up the anterior pituitary?
Somatothrophs, Mammotrophs, Gonodtripns, Thrythrophs, Cortictrophs
Describe the portal blood system.
In the hypothalamus of the brain its main fi=unction is to provide quick transport and exchange of hormones between the nucleus and pituitary gland
