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Praxis > speech science > Flashcards

speech science Flashcards

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1
Q

define phonemic

A

related to abstract system of sounds

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2
Q

define phonetic

A

concrete production of sounds. Physical, physiological and acoustic

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3
Q

broad transcription uses what mark

A

slash / /

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4
Q

phonetic transcription uses what mark

A

bracket [ ]

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5
Q

what is narrow transcription

A

transcription in more detail using diacritical markers

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6
Q

what is the onset of a syllable

A

initial consonants

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7
Q

what is the nucleus of a syllable

A

vowel

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8
Q

what is the coda of a syllable

A

consonant at the end

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9
Q

what is the rime

A

nucleus and coda

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10
Q

which are the syballic consonants

A

/m/, /n/, and /l/

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11
Q

which phonemes are velars

A

/g/, /k/, and ng

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12
Q

which phonemes are palatals

A

/j/, /r/, affricates, sh and /d3/

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13
Q

what are cognate pairs

A

identical in all except voicing

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14
Q

are nasals low frequency or high

A

low

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15
Q

what are glides

A

semivowels or sonorants

produced by quick transition of articulators as they move from partially constricted state to open

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16
Q

what are liquids

A

/r/ and /l/

produced with the least oral cavity restriction

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17
Q

what is a lateral

A

/l/

midsection portion of tongue is relaxed and open, air directed through the sides

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18
Q

what is the difference between tense and lax vowels

A

tense are longer with increased tension

19
Q

what are phonemic dipthongs

A

/aI/ my; /au/ cow; /oI/ boy; cannot be reduced to pure vowels without changing word meaning

20
Q

what is assimilation

A

when a sound changes to a different sound

21
Q

what are suprasegmentals

A

length, stress, rate, pitch, volume, and juncture

22
Q

what is juncture

A

vocal punctuation. Difference between I scream and ice cream

23
Q

what is a sine wave

A

wave with horizontal and vertical symmetry

24
Q

what are aperiodic waves

A

waves with random vibratory pattern. perceived as noise

25
Q

what is formant frequency

A

frequency region with concentrated acoustic energy. the center frequency of a formant which is a resonance

26
Q

what is an octave

A

doubling of a frequency interval 200 Hz one octave above 100 Hz

27
Q

what are the 2 main properties of a medium that affect transmission of sound

A

mass and elasticity

28
Q

what is a pure tone

A

tone with a single frequency

29
Q

what is frequency

A

number of cycles per second

30
Q

what is a cycle

A

compression and rarefaction

31
Q

what does the medium that transmits the sound affect

A

affects speed of sound not frequency.

32
Q

which propagates sound faster

A

elasticity and less dense

33
Q

what is amplitude

A

amount of molecular displacement which creates intensity of sound

34
Q

what is the frequency range of sounds perceptible to human ear

A

20 to 20000 Hz

35
Q

what is the sound pressure level

A

intensity of a sound

36
Q

what is the hearing level

A

minimum level of intensity to stimulate auditory system

37
Q

what is the level of frequencies that stimulate the auditory system at lower intensities

A

1000-4000 Hz

38
Q

what is the minimum level of intensity to stimulate auditory system

A

0 dB hearing level

39
Q

what is the intensity of normal conversation

A

50-70 dB SPL. Very intense is 100 which creates pain

40
Q

what is a spectograph

A

instrument that records the changing intensity levels of frequency components in a complex sound wave

41
Q

what does a spectogram display

A

time, intensity and frequency. Time on horizontal, frequency on vertical, and intensity by blackness

42
Q

what is the fundamental frequency

A
  1. lowest frequency of a periodic wave
  2. tone produced by vibration of folds before air reaches any cavities
  3. the first harmonic
43
Q

which has a higher fundamental frequency, high or low vowels

A

high

44
Q

F1 and F2 vary by

A

F1: tongue height
F2: tongue advancement

Praxis (20 decks)

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