language disorders, assessment, treatment, AAC Flashcards
what are characteristics of a specific language disorder
- specific to language
- no known etiology
- may be present in only one aspect such as morphology
what are characteristics of cognitive processing/executive functioning deficits
- speed of processing
- attention to task
- working memory
- emotional control
- task shifting
- planning and organization
what are characteristics of intellectual disability
- delayed rather than deviant language
- may show echolalia
- may have concomitant short attention span, microcephaly difficulty with gross and fine motor skill, and physical structural deficits
- difficulty with abstract
- semantic difficulties, smaller vocab
- tend to omit function words
- passive in interacting with others
what deficits are present in autism according to DSM-V
- deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
- deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
- deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
what is the prevalence of autism
1 in 59 children
more boys than girls
what are characteristics of autism
below average intelligence 70 or below
- lack of responsiveness and awareness of others
- preference for solitude and objects rather than people
- lack of interest in communication
- stereotypic body movements
- insistence on routines, strong dislike of change
- dislike being touched or held
- self injury (head banging)
- unusual talent in some area
- seizures in 25%
- hyper or hyposensitivity to sensory
what are language characteristics of autism
- lack of response to speech
- better response to environmental noises
- slow acquisition of speech and anguage
- echolalia, immediate or delayed
- perseveration on certain words
- faster learning of concrete words especially when refer to objects
- deficits in comprehension of figurative
- lack of generalization of word meanings
- lack of understanding relationships between words
- pronoun reversal: I for you, refer to self as he, she
- short simple sentences sometimes not in correct order
- omission of grammatical features
- social communication problems
what is SCERTS
social communication and emotional regulation by implementing transactional supports. These supports include visual supports, environmental arrangement, and communication style adjustment
treatment for autism
what problems are associated with CP
- orthopedic
- seizures
- feeding difficulties
- hearing loss
- perceptual disturbance
- intellectual deficits
what is hemiplegia
one side of body paralyzed
what is paraplegia
only legs and lower trunk paralyzed
what is monoplegia
only one limb is paralyzed
what is diplegia
either of two legs or two arms paralyzed
what is quadraplegia
all four limbs are paralyzed
what are the 3 major types of CP
- ataxic: disturbed balance awkward gait, uncoordinated
- athetoid: slow, writhing due to damage to indirect motor pathways
- spastic: spasticity due to damage to motor cortex or direct pathways
what problems are associated with fetal alcohol
- growth problems
- problems with nervous system
- malformations of major organs, especially heart
- behavior problems: hyperactive and attention deficit
- poor play and social skills
- learning and academic problems
- swallowing problems
- language delay
- cognitive problems
- auditory processing problems
- hearing problems
what neurological problems are due to FASD
poor visual tracking, gross and fine motor delay, tremors, seiures
what behavioral problems are due to FASD
mood swings, difficulty with transitions and change refuse to comply with simple commands, and testing limits
what social problems are associated with FASD
limited eye contact, separation anxiety, indiscriminate attachment to new people, aggressive with peers, decreased responsiveness to praise
what cognitive problems are associated with fASD
poor on task attention, distractivility, difficulty with immediate, short term and long term memory
what language problems are associated with FASD
delayed acquisition, decreased use of words, increased gestures, word finding problems, difficulty following directions
what are the types and qualifications for ADHD diagnosis
- attention
- hyperactive
evident for at least 6 months
onset before 7
what are characteristics of ADHD
. 1. blurting
- not listening
- interrupting
- use false starts because they change their mind while structuring a response
- use excessive fillers
- have difficulty describing things and telling stories in an organized, coherent manner
what are the goals for treatment for ADHD
- auditory processing skills
- pragmatics
- expressive language organization
what is needed for assessment prior to testing
- results of visual or audiological eval
- relevant medical data
- psychological data including cognitive function
- interview family
- assessment data on educational achievement that might suggest learning disability
- interview teacher about academics
what is the formula for MLU
number or morphemes divided by number of utterances
what is the formula for type token ratio
number of different words in a sample divided by the number of words in sample
what is the typical type token ratio for ages 3-8
1 to 2 or .5
what is PL 99-457
incentive to identify and treat infants and todlers with established risk of language disorders
what is part C of the IDEA
federal grant program that assists states in early intervention services for infants and toddlers birth through 2
early warning signs of language disorder
- difficulty establishing eye contact or joint reference
- lack of pointing by 12 months
- needs through greater use of gestures
- reduced babbling, fewer consonants
what are communicative temptations
when you place a desired object just beyond reach and child has to ask for it
what is indirect intervention
when the clinician sets the goals and a peer, parent, teacher’s aide etc carries out the treatment
what are discrete trials
using a stimulus, asking for a response, recording answer, onto next trial
what is expansion
expanding telegraphic utterance
doggy bark. yes the doggy is barking
what is extension
clinician comments on the child’s utterance and adds new or relevant info
what is focused stimulation
- clinician repeatedly models a target structure to stimulate the child to use it
- done during a play activity that clinician designs to focus on a particular language structure
- clinician does not correct but models the correct target
what is milieu teaching
- functional communication through the use of typical, everyday interactions
- adult waits for the child to initiate a verbal response
- adult pays attention to what prompted the response in the child
- adult prompts an elaboration of the response ex. what do you want
- praise child and hand over desired object
what is the macrostructure of a narrative
characters, setting, initiating event, internal response, plan or goals of characters, attempts, direct consequences, and conclusion
what is the microstructure of a narrative
details of the story
cohesion
linguistic structures
complexity
what is parallel talk
clinician plays with the child and describes and comments on what child is doing
what is recastin
modifying the childs sentence by changing the modalityor voice. ex. the baby is hungry, Clinician: is she hungry or the dog chases the cat: clinician: the cat is chased by the dog
self talk
clinician describes her activity as she plays with the child
