multicultural populations

Question 1

what is acculturation

Answer 1

process by which immigrants assume American culture

Question 2

what is assimilation

Answer 2

the degree to which immigrants give up their culture of origine and take on characteristics of new culture

Question 3

what are the phonetic characteristics of AAE

Answer 3

/l/ and /r/ omitted a’ways muddah (mother)
/f/ for th at end or middle of word teef
/d/ for th at the beginning dis
/v/ voiced for th at end smoov
consonant cluster reduction
differing syllable stress
verbs ending in /k/ changed walked (wah-tid)
metathesis aks for ask
devoicing final consonants bed bet
deletion of final consonant
i/e substitution pen (pin)
b/v substitution balentine for valentine
diphthong reduction oil become ol
n/ng substitution walkin

Question 4

what are articulation differences in Spanish speakers

Answer 4

/t/,/d/,n/ may be dentalized
final consonant devoicing berry/ very
ch/sh substitution chirley/shirley
d or z for voiced th dis
schwa insterted before word initial consonant clusters
words only end in a, e, i, o, u, l, r, , s, and d, others omit
for /d3) yulie for julie
may sound like a frontal lisp
vowel substitutions i for I peeg pig
eh for a pet/pat oh for a stahn/stan

Question 5

language differences in spanish speakers

Answer 5

adjective comes after noun house green is big
s omitted in plurals, possessive the girl book is brown
past tense ed omitted we walk yesterday
double negative I don’t have no more
negative imperitives no touch the hot stove (don’t)
adverb follows verb he drives very fast his motorcycle
articles omitted papa going to store

Question 6

what are articulation differences in asian speakers

Answer 6

deletion of final consonants
syllable elimination  efunt  for elephant
stress of wrong syllable
devoicing of voiced cognates    beece/ bees
r/l confusion
no th   dose/those
epenthesis  bulack/black
confusion of ch and sh    sheep/cheap
no  ah as in ash
b/v substitution    base/vase
v/w sub   vork/work
p/f sugstitution    flower/flower

Question 7

what are language differences in asian speakers

Answer 7

no plurals
no copula he going home now
no possessive mom food is cold
no past tense we cook dinner yesterday
past tense double marking he didn’t went by himself
midordering of interrogatives: you are gong now?
misuse of pronouns

Question 8

what is ecological validity of an assessment

Answer 8

the extent to which it reflects the child’s actual, dailly environment and life experience

Question 9

what are alternatives to standardized testing for ELL students

Answer 9

1. case history
2. observation in naturalistic context
3. questionnairesto teachers, parents
4. narratives
5. portfolia: students work samples
6. language samples
7. school records of achievement
8. conceptual scoring: students answers in both language are counted in overall total score
9. dynamic approach
10. assess working memory with nonsense syllables