Speech Production

Question 1

Classifications of Speech Sounds

Answer 1

-Manner
-Place
-Voicing

Question 2

Manner

Answer 2

-Made by partially or completely blocking the airflow
-Refers to how completely the air is blocked

-Liquids (l/r)
-Fricatives (f/v)
-Stops (p/b)
-Nasal (m/n)

Question 3

Place

Answer 3

Refers to where the closure occurred

-Bilabial (b/p)
-Alveolar (t/d)
-Velar (k/g)

Question 4

Voicing

Answer 4

Refers to whether or not vocal folds are vibrating

-Voiced (b/d/g)
-Unvoiced (p/t/k)

Question 5

Minimal Unit

Answer 5

-Some researchers argue that gestures are the minimal units

-

Question 6

Gestures Definition

Answer 6

What articulator moves and how

Question 7

Minimal Pairs based on Gestural Features

Answer 7

-Words differ based on a single gestural feature
>Coat vs. Goat (Voicing)
>Can vs. Pan (Place)

-This is often a difference in timing and/or coordination

Question 8

Hypoxia

Answer 8

-Reduced oxygen to the brain
-Causes interesting cognitive impairments such as the inability to change course
-It also affect speech production
-Voice onset time disrupted

Question 9

Voice Onset Time

Answer 9

The difference between when a closure is released and when voicing starts

Question 10

Perception Effects Production

Answer 10

-If you start to lose your hearing, your speech production also often degrades

-Brief changes in what you hear alter what you produce