Disorders Flashcards
Apraxia Symptoms
-Affects articulation and/or prosody
-Imprecise or distorted articulaton
-Substitutions, omissions, or additions of sounds
-False starts
-Slow speech rates
-Disrupted prosody
-Premotor Cortex Damage
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria Symptoms
-Involuntary movements added to normal speech production
-Dystonia: Slow, jerky movements. Difficulty opening/closing mouth. Forceful contraction of jaw or tongue
-Tremor: Voice tremors
-Huntington’s Chorea: Quick involuntary movements on top of normal speech
-Myoclonus: Brief involuntary changes in pitch
-Damage to Basal Ganglia
-Overactivation of dopaminergic pathways
Hypokinetic Dysarthria Symptoms
-Resting tremors
-Hoarse and/or quiet voice
-Difficulty starting speaking
-Speech rate is too fast
-Flat prosody
-Flat loudness
-Associated with Parkinson’s
-Decreased activation of dopaminergic pathways
Ataxic Dysarthria Symptoms
-“Intoxicated” speech
-Irregular articulation problems
-Damage to cerebellum
Spastic Dysarthria Symptoms
-Harsh voice quality
-Flattening of prosody
-Flattening of loudness
-Slow speech
-Damage to UMN in corticobulbar or corticospinal pathways
Flaccid Dysarthria for CN V Trigeminal Symptoms
-Unilateral damage = no significant speech disorders
-Bilateral damage = reduced jaw movement and reduced accuracy of articulation
Bell’s Palsy Symptoms
-Damage to CN VII Facial
-Unilateral facial nerve damage
-Paralysis to one side of face
Flaccid Dysarthria involving CN X Vagus Symptoms
-Unilateral lesions result in vocal fold paralysis and diplophonia (two concurrent voice pitches)
-Bilateral lesions have little effect on phonation, but can cause airway issues, can affect control of vocal pitch, and cause hypernasality
Flaccid Dysarthria involving CN XII Hypoglossal Symptoms
-Weakness and atrophy of tongue
-Articulatory imprecision, specifically when tongue involvement is critical
–Mild with unilateral damage
–Severe with bilateral damage
