Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 1

Responsible for controlling automatic functions
-Breathing
-Heartrate
-Digestion

Question 2

Pons

Answer 2

Conveys movement information from cerebral hemispheres to cerebellum

Question 3

Midbrain

Answer 3

Controls eye movement, coordinates visual and auditory reflexes

Contains substantia nigra - major population of dopaminergic neurons
-Degredation of this region is key to Parkinson’s Disease

Question 4

Diencephalon

Answer 4

Contains Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 5

Thalamus

Answer 5

A major relay station for sensory and motor information

Routes projections for different sensory information to specific cortical areas

Integrates sensorimotor information before it is sent to the primary motor and premotor cortices

regulates cortically mediated cognitive functions

Question 6

Pineal gland

Answer 6

-Produces melatonin
-Regulates circadian rhythms

Question 7

Hypothalamus

Answer 7

-Hypo means below
-Uses both neural and hormonal signals
-Regulates:
-Body Temperature
-Water and food intake
-sugar metabolism
-sexual behavior
-emotional state
-blood-brain barrier prevents items carried into bloodstream from entering the brain

-the hypothalamus is a place where the blood-brain barrier is not intact

Question 8

Cerebellum

Answer 8

-Involved in motor functions
-Modifies cortically generated motor plan
-Corrects on-going movements
-Important for speech production
-Balance
-Timing
-Coordination of fine motor skills

Question 9

Corpus Callosum

Answer 9

Thick band of fibers connecting left and right hemispheres

Question 10

Hippocampus

Answer 10

-Involved in learning and memory
-Critical for the formation of new memories, but not the retention of old memories
-Older memories are moved to cortical regions

Question 11

Amygdala

Answer 11

-Reciprocal connections with hippocampus
-Involved in memory and emotional reactions, particularly fear

Question 12

Optic Chiasm

Answer 12

X shaped

Question 13

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 13

-Supra means above
-Sits above optic chiasm
-Controls circadian rhythms

Question 14

Visual Cortex

Answer 14

Visual information is sent to the occipital lobe, starting with primary visual cortex (V1)

Question 15

Heschel’s Gyrus

Answer 15

The auditory cortex largely resides in the superior region of the temporal lobe

-The primary auditory cortex is located in Heschel’s Gyrus

Question 16

Motor Cortex

Answer 16

-Primary Motor Cortex - Drives motor activity
-Has a topographic map of the body (homunculus)

Question 17

Sensory Cortex

Answer 17

-Primary Sensory cortex- processes incoming sensory information
-Also contains a homunculus

Question 18

Spinal Cord

Answer 18

-Sends Motor Signals to the body
-Receives sensory information from the body
-Responsible for some reflexes

Question 19

Frontal Lobe

Answer 19

-Responsible for inhibition/self-control
-Last part of brain to develop
-Large consumer of oxygenated blood
-Disproportionately affected by intoxicants in the blood

Question 20

Occipital Lobe

Answer 20

Primarily involved in vision

Question 21

Temporal Lobe

Answer 21

Important for
-Audition
-Memory
-Speech Perception
-Olfaction

Question 22

Parietal Lobe

Answer 22

Involved in
-Spatial Orientation
-Cross-modal integration
-Somatic Sensation