Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semantics and Pragmatics > Speech Act Theory > Flashcards

Speech Act Theory Flashcards

1
Q

what is logical positivism

A

the most important principal for language - verificationism

conditions for establishing the truth of a sentence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what were the origins of speech acts

A

constative utterances :describe the world
-snow is white

performative utterances: do things in the world
-now pronounce u man and wife

BUT ALL ARE BOTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are speech acts

A

an act that a speaker performs when making an utterance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 speech acts

A

locutionary:
illocutionary: general act
perlocutionary: effect in addressee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

give an example of a sentence with speech acts

A

the police are round the corner

locutionary: declarative
illocutionary: warning
perlocutionary: running away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are felicity conditions

A

conditions need to successfully apply speech acts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

give the felicity conditions

A
  1. an accepted conventional procedure with a certain conventional effect must exist
    - people and circumstances must be appropriate for the invocation of the procedure
  2. procedure must be executed by all correctly and completely
  3. often people must have certain thought/intentions specific to the procedure
    - specifies certain conduct which must be adhered to
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 5 main speech acts

A 
representatives
directives
commissives
expressive
declarative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

explain the representative speech act

A

the speaker is committed, in varying degrees, to truth of a proposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

give examples of representative verbs

A

affirm, believe, conclude, deny, report

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

explain the directive speech acts

A

the speaker tries to get the hearer to do something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

give examples of directive verbs

A

ask, challenge, command, request, insist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

explain the commissive speech act

A

when the speaker is committed to a course of action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

give examples of commissive verbs

A

guarantee, pledge, promise, swear, vow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

explain the expressive speech act

A

the speaker expresses an attitude about a state of affairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give examples of expressive verbs

A

apologise, congratulate, thank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

explain declarative speech act

A

the speaker alters the external status/condition of an object solely by making the utterance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

give examples of declarative verbs/phrases

A

you’re fired, i resign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

explain the relationship between speech acts + politeness

A

assumptions: that we all have, and know eachother to have face

certain rational capacities: consistent modes of reasoning from end to the means that will achieve them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define face

A

the public self imagine that we want to claim for ourselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the two types of face

A

positive

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

explain positive face

A

our positive consistent self image

including the desire to have this self imagine appreciated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

explain negative face

A

the desire to be unimpeded by others

a basic claim to personal preserves, right to non distraction

24
Q

give examples on intrinsic face threatening acts for negative acts

A
  • put pressure on A do/refrain from something
  • pressure on A to accept/reject B’s positive act + possibly incur a debt
  • give A a reason to believe that he may have to protect the object of S’s desire
25
Q

give examples of pressuring A to refrain or do somethin

A

invitation, order, threat, dare

26
Q

give examples of pressure A to accept a positive act and incur debt

A

offer, promise

27
Q

give examples of making A believe they need to protect the object of Bs desire

A

compliments, expression of envy/strong negative emotions towards A

28
Q

give examples of intrinsic face threatening acts to positive face

A

showing B to have a -ve evaluation of some aspect of As +ve face

OR B to be indifferent to As +ve face

29
Q

give examples of having a negative eval of As +ve face

A

disapproval, criticism, ridicule

30
Q

give examples of being indifferent to As +ve face

A

interruption
irreverence
misidentifications

31
Q

How would you offend a speaker’s negative face

A

expressing thanks
acceptance of A’s thanks/apology
excuses

32
Q

how would you offend a speakers positive face

A

apologies
confession
admissions of guilt

33
Q

what are the calculating strategies

A

social distance of S and A
Relative power of S over A
Intrinsic face threatening content of act

34
Q

explain the social distance of S and A

A

Would ask your sister for help differently to how you would ask a friend or stranger

-give us a hand/could you please help me

35
Q

explain the relative power of S over A

A

superior or peer?

would it be alright if?/mind if I?

36
Q

give examples for the intrinsic face threatening content of act

A

terribly sorry to bother you but…

got change for a fiver?

37
Q

what factors influence face strategies

A

the desire to communicate the content of the FTA
-do you really need the fiver?

the desire to be efficient/urgent
-face considerations can be suspended in extremes (MIND YOUR HEAD)

the desire to maintain our As face

38
Q

what types of FTA strategies

A

on record

39
Q

explain an on record strategy

A

unambiguous-I promise I’ll come tomorrow

40
Q

what are the advantages of on record

A

S can enlist public pressure
can get credit for honesty+trust
can avoid the danger of being seen as manipulative
avoid misunderstanding

41
Q

give the 3 options for on record strategy

A

badly, without redress

+ve politeness

-ve politeness:

42
Q

what is an advantage of negative politeness

A

satfisfies As negative face

43
Q

explain negative politeness

A

avoidance based, acknowledging A’s right to be undisturbed, assuring minimal interference of their freedom of action

44
Q

explain positive politeness

A

treat A as someone whose personality is known and liked

45
Q

what is an advantage of positive politeness

A

can satisfy As positive face

46
Q

explain badly, without redress

A

in the most unambiguous way possible

-sit down

47
Q

what is an advantage of badly, without redress

A

efficient

48
Q

what is off record? give examples

A

ambiguous
-metaphors, hints, irony
=damn! i forgot my purse

49
Q

what are advantages of off record

A

credit for being tactful+non coercive
avoid face damage
gives A the chance to be seen to care for S

50
Q

positive politeness techniques (first 5)

A

1.attend to As needs
(notice a haircut)
2.exaggerate interest (how fascinating)
3.intensify interest (took 1000 years)
4.use in group identity markers (slang:fag? forms of address: mate)
5.seek agreement (safe topics/pseudo agreement:when am i next seeing you)

51
Q

positive politeness techniques (second 5)

A
  1. avoid disagreement (you’re english yh? well i was born here)
  2. presuppose common ground (gossip, POV switch, presuppositions:as u know)
  3. joke:okay if i tackle that cake now
    4: assert/presuppose Ss knowledge or and concern for As wants(I know you like these but they only had these)
  4. offer, promise (I’ll see you tomorrow
52
Q

positive politeness techniques (last 5)

A
  1. optimism: you dont mind do you
  2. include both in the actvity:give US a break
  3. give/ask for reasons
  4. assume reciprocity
  5. give gifts (sympathy: must be awful)
53
Q

negative politeness techniques (first 5)

A
  1. be conventionally indirect(have u got the time)
  2. question/hedge (states at 8ish)
    3 be pessimistic: dont suppose
    4 minimise imposition: just a sec
    5.give deference: mr president
54
Q

negative politeness techniques (last5)

A
  1. apologise (admit impingement: hope it wont be too shit/express reluctance: dont want to bother you/overwhelming reasons:cant think of anyone else/beg forgiveness: excuse me)
  2. impersonalise S and A (IT broke)
  3. state the FTA as a general rule (smoking is not permitted)
    4: nominalise (degrees of formality)
    5: go on record as incurring a debt (id be grateful if)
55
Q

define illocutionary force

A

intention in making the utterance

Semantics and Pragmatics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions