Deixis and Anaphora

Question 1

what are the traditional deictic categories?

Answer 1

person
place
time

Question 2

explain person deixis

Answer 2

first, second, third persons and their pronouns

Question 3

give an example of person deixis

Answer 3

I’ll stay here while YOU go shopping

Question 4

explain place deixis

Answer 4

spatial locations relative to location of participants

Question 5

explain place deixis, specific to English

Answer 5

proximal/distal distinction
-she jumped from here to there
go up/come down

Question 6

how is place deixis expressed in other languages

Answer 6

spanish: distance from speaker
proximal, medial and distal

turkish and japanese: referents already in the addressee’s attentional focus

Question 7

explain time deixis

Answer 7

encoding of temporal points relative to time at which utterance was spoken

Question 8

give an example of time deixis

Answer 8

now: if you leave NOW, you’ll get there before midday

good morning/good evening

Question 9

what are the two types of spatial terms? give examples

Answer 9

relative (english) - left/right/front

absolute (tzeltal) - uphill (south(

Question 10

explain lexicalisation in English

Answer 10

it has priority over other forms
-tomorrow over sunday
English lexicalises one day ahead and back (2moz +yday)

Question 11

give examples of lexicalisation in different languages

Answer 11

persian: 2 ahead, 4 back
japs + russian: 3 ahead 3 back
vietnamese: 3 ahead 4 back

Question 12

explain different time metaphors

Answer 12

english: moving world, future ahead past behind
vietnamese: moving time, future behind past ahead

Question 13

explain discourse

Answer 13

reference to parts of discourse in which utterance is located

Question 14

give an example of discourse

Answer 14

he was whispering like THIS

Question 15

explain social deixis

Answer 15

encoding of social distinctions that are relative to participants

Question 16

give an example of social deixis

Answer 16

I have no knowledge of this MR PRESIDENT

Question 17

define anaphora

Answer 17

a term (usually a pronoun) which refers to the same referent as a prior term, already established in the domain of discourse

Question 18

give an example of anaphora

Answer 18

annie’s a sweetheart, she’s so thoughtful

Question 19

define cataphora

Answer 19

refers to the same referent as an upcoming term

Question 20

give an example of cataphora

Answer 20

he’s a kind lad, is john

Question 21

give an example of a sentence with both anaphor and deixis

Answer 21

He was born in Liverpool and has lived THERE ever since

Question 22

what is dispensation

Answer 22

asking someone to address you more informally

“please, call me gatha”

Question 23

what does bridging inferences mean

Answer 23

filling in missing info based on your existing knowledge of the language

Question 24

define deixis

Answer 24

reference by means of an expression whose interpretation is relative to the extralinguistic context of the utterance, such as: person, place and time